• 1. Motor-CAD
  • 1.1. Motor-CAD
  • 1.2. Typical Uses of Motor-CAD
  • 1.3. Electromagnetic modeling of Electric Motors
  • 1.4. Thermal modeling of Electric Motors
  • 1.5. Mechanical modeling of Electric Motors
  • 1.6. Motor Types
    • 1.6.1. BPM
    • 1.6.2. BPM (Axial Flux)
    • 1.6.3. BPMOR
    • 1.6.4. SYNCREL
    • 1.6.5. SRM
    • 1.6.6. SYNC
    • 1.6.7. IM
    • 1.6.8. IM1PH
    • 1.6.9. PMDC
    • 1.6.10. CLAW
  • 1.7. Contact Information
  • 1.8. License Information
• 2. Tutorials
• 3. User Interface
  • 3.1. User Interface
  • 3.2. Pull Down Menu
  • 3.3. Motor Type
  • 3.4. Model Type
  • 3.5. Licence Configuration
    • 3.5.1. Licence Configuration (Ansys)
    • 3.5.2. Licence Configuration (FlexLM)
  • 3.6. Status Line
  • 3.7. Cursor Position
  • 3.8. Length Measurement
  • 3.9. Font Size
  • 3.10. About Box
  • 3.11. Create Report
  • 3.12. Export of Results in CSV Format
  • 3.13. Geometry Export
  • 3.14. Geometry Import
  • 3.15. Graph Viewer
  • 3.16. Export Thermal Matrices
  • 3.17. Zoom [Graphs]
  • 3.18. Zoom and Scroll
  • 3.19. Message Display
• 4. Geometry
  • 4.1. Radial Flux
    • 4.1.1. Radial Cross-Section
      • 4.1.1.1. Radial Cross-Section Editor
      • 4.1.1.2. Radial Dimensions Editor [Parameters]
      • 4.1.1.3. Radial Ratio Editor
    • 4.1.2. Axial Cross-Section
      • 4.1.2.1. Axial Cross-Section Editor
      • 4.1.2.2. Axial Dimension Editor [Radial Parameters]
      • 4.1.2.3. Axial Dimension Editor [Axial Parameters]
    • 4.1.3. Editor (Geometry)
      • 4.1.3.1. Geometry Viewer
      • 4.1.3.2. Adaptive Templates Editor
      • 4.1.3.3. Adaptive Parameters
      • 4.1.3.4. Settings (Geometry Editor)
    • 4.1.4. Geometry Parameters
      • 4.1.4.1. Airgap Geometry
      • 4.1.4.2. Axial Dimensions
      • 4.1.4.3. Bearing Geometry
      • 4.1.4.4. Stator Sleeve
      • 4.1.4.5. BPM Rotor Geometries
        • 4.1.4.5.1. Surface Radial Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.2. Surface Parallel Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.3. Surface Breadloaf Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.4. Surface Flat Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.5. Inset Radial Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.6. Inset Parallel Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.7. Inset Breadloaf Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.8. Embedded Radial Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.9. Embedded Parallel Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.10. Embedded Breadloaf Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.11. Interior Flat (web) Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.12. Interior Flat (simple) Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.13. Interior V (web) Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.14. Interior V (simple) Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.15. Interior U-shape Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.16. Spoke Magnet Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.17. Notch Geometry
        • 4.1.4.5.18. Embedded Magnet Pole
      • 4.1.4.6. Brush Geometry
      • 4.1.4.7. Claw Rotor Geometry
      • 4.1.4.8. Commutator Geometry
      • 4.1.4.9. Housing Geometry
        • 4.1.4.9.1. Housing Geometry
        • 4.1.4.9.2. Fin Geometry
        • 4.1.4.9.3. Covered Fin Geometry
        • 4.1.4.9.4. Corner Cutout [%]
      • 4.1.4.10. Corner Rounding
      • 4.1.4.11. Cowling Geometry
      • 4.1.4.12. Encoder Geometry
      • 4.1.4.13. End Ring Geometry
      • 4.1.4.14. End Winding Geometry
      • 4.1.4.15. Endcap Geometry
      • 4.1.4.16. EWdg Insulation
      • 4.1.4.17. Flange Mounted Plate
      • 4.1.4.18. Foot Geometry
      • 4.1.4.19. IM1PH Geometry
      • 4.1.4.20. Insulated Cover Geometry
      • 4.1.4.21. Plate Geometry
      • 4.1.4.22. Radial Geometry (Inner Rotor Machines)
      • 4.1.4.23. Radial Geometry (Outer Rotor Machines)
      • 4.1.4.24. Rotor Bar Geometry
      • 4.1.4.25. Radial Duct Geometry
      • 4.1.4.26. Rotor Duct Geometry
      • 4.1.4.27. Rotor End Winding Geometry
      • 4.1.4.28. Shaft Geometry
      • 4.1.4.29. Shaft Groove Geometry
      • 4.1.4.30. Shaft Hole Diameter
      • 4.1.4.31. Shaft Spoke Geometry
      • 4.1.4.32. SRM Geometry
      • 4.1.4.33. Stator Duct Geometry
      • 4.1.4.34. Invalid Duct Geometry
      • 4.1.4.35. Stator Geometry
        • 4.1.4.35.1. Slot Geometry
        • 4.1.4.35.2. Tooth Width
        • 4.1.4.35.3. Tooth Tip Geometry
      • 4.1.4.36. SYNC Rotor Geometries
        • 4.1.4.36.1. SYNC Parallel Slot Rotor Geometry
        • 4.1.4.36.2. SYNC Parallel Tooth Rotor Geometry
        • 4.1.4.36.3. SYNC Salient Pole Rotor Geometry
        • 4.1.4.36.4. SYNC Rotor Parameterisation (Beta)
      • 4.1.4.37. Wafter Geometry
      • 4.1.4.38. WJ Spiral Channel Geometry
    • 4.1.5. Adaptive Templates
  • 4.2. Axial Flux
    • 4.2.1. Radial Cross-Section Editor
    • 4.2.2. Linear Cross-Section Editor
    • 4.2.3. Axial Cross-Section Editor
    • 4.2.4. Axial Flux Motor Topologies
  • 4.3. 3D Viewing
  • 4.4. Design Options
    • 4.4.1. Motor Type
    • 4.4.2. Rotor Type (BPM)
    • 4.4.3. Rotor Type (BPM Axial Flux)
    • 4.4.4. Rotor Type (SYNC)
    • 4.4.5. Brush Holder
    • 4.4.6. Feedback Type
    • 4.4.7. Filled Rotor Pole Space
    • 4.4.8. Housed Outer Rotor BPM Machine
    • 4.4.9. Housing Type
    • 4.4.10. Mounting Type
    • 4.4.11. Axle Mounting Type
    • 4.4.12. Rotor Mounting
    • 4.4.13. Shaft Type
    • 4.4.14. Single Bearing BPMOR
    • 4.4.15. Slot Type
    • 4.4.16. Slot Type (BPM Axial Flux)
    • 4.4.17. Rotor Bars (IM)
    • 4.4.18. Damper Cage (SYNC)
    • 4.4.19. Form Wound
    • 4.4.20. Fan
    • 4.4.21. Radial Ducts
  • 4.5. Machine Cooling Flow Paths
• 5. Winding Editor
  • 5.1. Winding Pattern
    • 5.1.1. Hairpin Winding Patterns
    • 5.1.2. Phasors
  • 5.2. Winding Design
    • 5.2.1. Winding Definition Page
    • 5.2.2. Coil Style
    • 5.2.3. Winding Type
    • 5.2.4. Winding definition
    • 5.2.5. Hairpin Winding
    • 5.2.6. Wedge Model
    • 5.2.7. Winding geometry parameters
    • 5.2.8. Winding Geometry
    • 5.2.9. Form Wound Winding Definition
    • 5.2.10. Hairpin Separation Winding Definition
    • 5.2.11. Copper Depth [%]
    • 5.2.12. Coil Divider Width
    • 5.2.13. Comm Connections
    • 5.2.14. Ins [Slot Base] Thickness
    • 5.2.15. Ins [Tooth Side] Thickness
    • 5.2.16. End Winding Mean Length per Turn and Fill
      • 5.2.16.1. Stranded End Winding Length Calculation (Radial Flux)
      • 5.2.16.2. Stranded End Winding Length Calculation (Axial Flux)
      • 5.2.16.3. Hairpin End Winding Length Calculation
      • 5.2.16.4. End Winding Overhang Calculation
    • 5.2.17. EWdg Cavity
    • 5.2.18. Multiple Wire Sizes
  • 5.3. Wire Type
  • 5.4. Conductor Positions
  • 5.5. Winding Output Parameters
  • 5.6. IM1PH Winding Editor
    • 5.6.1. IM1PH Winding Pattern
    • 5.6.2. IM1PH Winding Definition
• 6. Winding Feasibility
• 7. Field Winding Editor
  • 7.1. Synchronous Field Winding Editor
  • 7.2. Claw Pole Field Winding Editor
• 8. Input Data Editor
  • 8.1. Input Data Editor
  • 8.2. Cooling Options
    • 8.2.1. Cooling Options [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.2.2. Miscellaneous Data [Cooling Options]
    • 8.2.3. Fixed Temperatures
    • 8.2.4. Lamination Model (Thermal)
    • 8.2.5. Stator Duct Calculations
  • 8.3. Thermal model losses
    • 8.3.1. Losses [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.3.2. Loss Distribution
      • 8.3.2.1. Uneven Copper Loss Distribution
      • 8.3.2.2. Stall Analysis
  • 8.4. Materials & Weight
    • 8.4.1. Materials & Weights - electromagnetic model
    • 8.4.2. Materials & Weights - Thermal Model
    • 8.4.3. Materials & Weights - mechanical model
    • 8.4.4. Material Help
  • 8.5. Interface Gaps
    • 8.5.1. Interface Gaps [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.5.2. Interface Gaps
    • 8.5.3. Thermal Contact Resistance modeling
    • 8.5.4. Bearing Model
  • 8.6. Radiation
    • 8.6.1. Radiation [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.6.2. Internal Radiation Heat Transfer
    • 8.6.3. View Factor
    • 8.6.4. Emissivity
  • 8.7. Convection Correlations
    • 8.7.1. Convection Heat Transfer
    • 8.7.2. Forced Convection Correlations
      • 8.7.2.1. Enclosed Channel Convection Correlation
      • 8.7.2.2. Flat Plate Convection Correlation
      • 8.7.2.3. Open Fin Channel Convection Correlation
    • 8.7.3. Mixed Convection
    • 8.7.4. Equivalent Heat Transfer Coefficients - Multiple Duct layers
  • 8.8. Natural Convection
    • 8.8.1. Natural Convection [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.8.2. Natural Convection Correlations
    • 8.8.3. Horizontal Cylinder [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.4. Vertical Cylinder [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.5. Vertical Flat Plate [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.6. Horizontal Flat Plate [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.7. Horizontal Flat Plate - Upper & Lower [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.8. Horizontal Square Tube [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.9. Horizontal Servo Housing [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.10. Vertical Fin Channel [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.11. Horizontal Fin Channel [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.12. Horiz Fins/Flat Plate [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.13. Horiz Fins/Flat Plate & Cylinder [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.14. Horiz Fins/Flat Plate & Tube [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.15. Horiz & Vert Fin Channel Average [Natural Convection Correlation]
    • 8.8.16. Horiz/Vert Fins & Horiz Cylinder [Natural Convection Correlation]
  • 8.9. Blown Over
    • 8.9.1. Blown Over [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.9.2. Blown Over Flow Options
    • 8.9.3. Blown Over Fluid Flow
    • 8.9.4. Blown Over Heat Transfer
    • 8.9.5. Across Fin Flow
    • 8.9.6. Blockage and Leakage
    • 8.9.7. Air Velocity
    • 8.9.8. Air Flow
  • 8.10. Through Ventilated
    • 8.10.1. Through Ventilation Model
    • 8.10.2. Through Ventilation [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.10.3. Through Ventilation Flow Options [Input Data]
      • 8.10.3.1. Through Ventilation Flow Direction
      • 8.10.3.2. Through Ventilation Inlet Definition
    • 8.10.4. Through Ventilation Fan Characteristic [Input Data]
    • 8.10.5. Through Ventilation Fluid Flow [Input Data]
      • 8.10.5.1. Through Ventilation Flow Model
      • 8.10.5.2. Flow Resistance Minor Loss Factor
      • 8.10.5.3. Woods Minor Loss Factor Graphs
      • 8.10.5.4. Rotation Entrance Effects
    • 8.10.6. Through Ventilation Heat Transfer [Input Data]
    • 8.10.7. Endspace Rotational Effects
    • 8.10.8. Radial Duct Flow
  • 8.11. Self Ventilated
  • 8.12. End Space
    • 8.12.1. End Space [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.12.2. End Space Convection Correlation
    • 8.12.3. Endcap Vents
    • 8.12.4. EndSpace Altitude Effects
    • 8.12.5. k1, k2, k3 When Not Air
  • 8.13. Wet Rotor
    • 8.13.1. Wet Rotor Model
    • 8.13.2. Wet Rotor [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.13.3. Wet Rotor Inlet/Outlet Position
    • 8.13.4. Wet Rotor Convection Correlation
    • 8.13.5. Wet Rotor Wedge / Divider Flow
    • 8.13.6. Wet Rotor Active Fluid Flow only
  • 8.14. Housing Water Jacket
    • 8.14.1. Housing Water Jacket Model
    • 8.14.2. Housing Water Jacket Flow Options [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.14.3. Housing Water Jacket Fan Characteristic [Input Data]
    • 8.14.4. Housing Water Jacket Fluid Flow [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.14.5. Housing Water Jacket Heat Transfer [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.14.6. Housing Water Jacket Cooling Options
  • 8.15. Shaft Spiral Groove
    • 8.15.1. Shaft Spiral Groove Model
    • 8.15.2. Shaft Spiral Groove Fluid Flow [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.15.3. Shaft Spiral Groove Heat Transfer [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.15.4. Shaft Spiral Groove Cooling Options
  • 8.16. Spray Cooling
    • 8.16.1. User Defined Nozzles
      • 8.16.1.1. Spray Cooling Model
      • 8.16.1.2. Spray Cooling Nozzle locations
      • 8.16.1.3. Spray Cooling Fluid Flow [Input Data]
      • 8.16.1.4. Spray Cooling Flow Sources
      • 8.16.1.5. Spray Cooling Heat Transfer [Input Data]
      • 8.16.1.6. Spray Cooling Convection Correlation
      • 8.16.1.7. Spray Cooling Nozzle Positions
      • 8.16.1.8. Spray Cooling Model Setup
      • 8.16.1.9. Spray Cooling Calibration example
      • 8.16.1.10. Submerged double jet impingement method
      • 8.16.1.11. Free-Surface Jet Correlation
    • 8.16.2. Grouped Nozzles
      • 8.16.2.1. Flow Options
      • 8.16.2.2. Heat Transfer Tables
      • 8.16.2.3. Radial (from Housing) Fluid Flow
      • 8.16.2.4. Radial (from Housing) Heat Transfer
      • 8.16.2.5. Radial (from Housing) Correlation
      • 8.16.2.6. Radial (from Rotor) Fluid Flow
      • 8.16.2.7. Radial (from Rotor) Heat Transfer
      • 8.16.2.8. Radial (from Rotor) Correlation
      • 8.16.2.9. Axial (from Endcap) Fluid Flow
      • 8.16.2.10. Axial (from Endcap) Heat Transfer
      • 8.16.2.11. Axial (from Endcap) Correlation
  • 8.17. Rotor Water Jacket
    • 8.17.1. Rotor Water Jacket Model
    • 8.17.2. Rotor Water Jacket [Input Data]
  • 8.18. Slot Water Jacket
    • 8.18.1. Slot Water Jacket Model
    • 8.18.2. Slot Water Jacket [Input Data]
      • 8.18.2.1. Slot Water Jacket Cooling Options [Input Data]
    • 8.18.3. Slot Water Jacket Fluid Flow [Input Data]
    • 8.18.4. Slot Water Jacket Heat Transfer [Input Data]
  • 8.19. Submersible
  • 8.20. Flooded
  • 8.21. Heat Exchanger
    • 8.21.1. Heat Exchanger Model
    • 8.21.2. Heat Exchanger Fluid Flow [Input Data]
    • 8.21.3. Heat Exchanger Heat Transfer [Input Data]
    • 8.21.4. Heat Exchanger Cooling Options
    • 8.21.5. Heat Exchanger Example
    • 8.21.6. Heat Exchanger Calculations
  • 8.22. Settings
    • 8.22.1. Settings [Input Data Editor]
    • 8.22.2. Models
      • 8.22.2.1. Axial Slice Model
      • 8.22.2.2. Magnet Model
      • 8.22.2.3. Interior U-Rotor Thermal Circuit
    • 8.22.3. Geometry
    • 8.22.4. E-Magnetics
      • 8.22.4.1. E-Magnetics [BPM, SYNC, SRM]
      • 8.22.4.2. E-Magnetics [IM, IM1PH]
      • 8.22.4.3. Magnetic Cores
      • 8.22.4.4. PWM Modulation
      • 8.22.4.5. IM Calibration
    • 8.22.5. Calculation [General]
    • 8.22.6. Calculation [BPM, SYNC, SRM]
    • 8.22.7. Calculation [IM, IM1PH]
      • 8.22.7.1. Analytic [IM, IM1PH]
        • 8.22.7.1.1. IM Equivalent Circuit Settings
      • 8.22.7.2. FEA [Induction Machine]
    • 8.22.8. Calculation [Mechanical]
    • 8.22.9. Graphs [General]
    • 8.22.10. Graphs [BPM, SYNC, SRM]
    • 8.22.11. Graphs [Induction Machine]
    • 8.22.12. Winding [Settings]
      • 8.22.12.1. Liner Layers
      • 8.22.12.2. Insulation Lifetime Calculation
      • 8.22.12.3. Winding Editor View
      • 8.22.12.4. Winding Termination
    • 8.22.13. Cooling [Settings]
      • 8.22.13.1. Cooling Circuit Connections
      • 8.22.13.2. Endspace Rotational Effects
      • 8.22.13.3. Rotor Duct Heat Transfer Calculation
      • 8.22.13.4. Developing Flow
      • 8.22.13.5. Airgap Heat Transfer Calculation
      • 8.22.13.6. Airgap Slotting and Saliency
      • 8.22.13.7. TVent Shaft Cooling
      • 8.22.13.8. Ambient Temperature
      • 8.22.13.9. Transition Limits
      • 8.22.13.10. Wet Rotor Fluid Properties
      • 8.22.13.11. TVent Fluid Properties in Airgap
      • 8.22.13.12. Lamination-Housing Duct cooling nodes
    • 8.22.14. Losses [Settings]
      • 8.22.14.1. General Losses (Thermal)
      • 8.22.14.2. General Losses (Magnetics - BPM, SYNC, SRM)
      • 8.22.14.3. General Losses (Magnetics - IM)
      • 8.22.14.4. Bearing Losses
      • 8.22.14.5. AC Winding
      • 8.22.14.6. Windage Losses
      • 8.22.14.7. Stray Load Losses
        • 8.22.14.7.1. Stray Load Losses (Magnetics)
        • 8.22.14.7.2. Stray Load Losses (Thermal)
        • 8.22.14.7.3. Stray Load Loss Calculation Methods
      • 8.22.14.8. Stator Copper Loss Location
      • 8.22.14.9. Rotor Cage Loss Location
    • 8.22.15. Settings
      • 8.22.15.1. Shaft Speed [RPM]
      • 8.22.15.2. Duct Wall Friction
    • 8.22.16. Preferences
    • 8.22.17. End Space [Settings]
    • 8.22.18. Convergence [Settings]
      • 8.22.18.1. Steady State Thermal Convergence
      • 8.22.18.2. Transient Thermal Convergence
    • 8.22.19. Transient [Settings]
      • 8.22.19.1. Transient Fluid Nodes
      • 8.22.19.2. Data Logging
      • 8.22.19.3. Transient Results File Analysis
    • 8.22.20. Miscellaneous [Settings]
    • 8.22.21. Array Editor [Settings]
  • 8.23. Material Properties [Input Data]
    • 8.23.1. Air Property Options
    • 8.23.2. Altitude [US Standard Atmosphere]
    • 8.23.3. Solids Database
      • 8.23.3.1. Material Import
      • 8.23.3.2. Material Export
      • 8.23.3.3. Adding New Solids
      • 8.23.3.4. Adding Steel Data
      • 8.23.3.5. Steel Properties (BH)
      • 8.23.3.6. Magnets
        • 8.23.3.6.1. Magnet BH Data
      • 8.23.3.7. Electrical Properties
      • 8.23.3.8. Mechanical Properties
      • 8.23.3.9. Importing from *.mot file
      • 8.23.3.10. File Format (Solids Database)
      • 8.23.3.11. Example solid database file format
    • 8.23.4. Fluids Database
• 9. Electromagnetics
  • 9.1. BPM Electromagnetics
    • 9.1.1. BPM Calculation
    • 9.1.2. BPM Performance Tests
    • 9.1.3. Loss Calculation (Open Circuit)
    • 9.1.4. Loss Calculation (On Load)
    • 9.1.5. Self and Mutual Inductance Calculation
    • 9.1.6. Short Circuit
      • 9.1.6.1. Short Circuit (Steady State)
      • 9.1.6.2. Short Circuit (Transient)
    • 9.1.7. Demagnetization
    • 9.1.8. Halbach Magnet Arrays (Radial Flux)
    • 9.1.9. Halbach Magnet Arrays (Axial Flux)
    • 9.1.10. Drive
      • 9.1.10.1. Defined Currents
      • 9.1.10.2. Calculated Currents
        • 9.1.10.2.1. Square Wave Drive Mode
        • 9.1.10.2.2. Sine Wave Drive Mode
        • 9.1.10.2.3. Passive Generator Drive Mode
      • 9.1.10.3. Custom Drive
        • 9.1.10.3.1. Custom Drive Cycle File
    • 9.1.11. Power Factor
    • 9.1.12. FEA Modelling (Radial Flux)
    • 9.1.13. FEA Modelling (Axial Flux)
  • 9.2. IM Electromagnetics
    • 9.2.1. IM Calculation
    • 9.2.2. IM Performance Tests
      • 9.2.2.1. IM Analytic Calculations
        • 9.2.2.1.1. Equivalent Circuit Solver
        • 9.2.2.1.2. IM Equivalent Circuit
        • 9.2.2.1.3. IM1PH Equivalent Circuit
        • 9.2.2.1.4. IM Saturation Factor Solver
      • 9.2.2.2. IM Finite Element Calculations
        • 9.2.2.2.1. Locked Rotor Series Resistance and Inductance
        • 9.2.2.2.2. IM Rotor Parameters Computation
    • 9.2.3. IM1PH Drive
  • 9.3. SYNC Electromagnetics
    • 9.3.1. SYNC Calculation
  • 9.4. SRM Electromagnetics
    • 9.4.1. SRM Calculation
    • 9.4.2. SRM Magnetisation Curves
    • 9.4.3. SRM Performance Tests
    • 9.4.4. SRM Square Wave Drive Mode
  • 9.5. PMDC Electromagnetics
    • 9.5.1. PMDC Calculation
    • 9.5.2. PMDC Performance Tests
    • 9.5.3. PMDC Voltage Driven Mode
  • 9.6. Electromagnetics - Thermal Coupling
  • 9.7. Continuous Skew
  • 9.8. Torque calculation methods
  • 9.9. End Winding Inductance calculation methods
  • 9.10. Airgap Mesh Setup
    • 9.10.1. Cogging torque calculation setup
  • 9.11. Electromagnetic Loss Calculations
    • 9.11.1. Iron Loss calculation methods
    • 9.11.2. Iron Loss Coefficients
    • 9.11.3. Magnet Loss, Sleeve Loss and Banding Loss calculations
    • 9.11.4. AC Winding Losses
      • 9.11.4.1. Hybrid FEA method
      • 9.11.4.2. Full FEA method (single slot)
      • 9.11.4.3. Full FEA method (all slots)
      • 9.11.4.4. Bundle Aspect Ratio
      • 9.11.4.5. AC Winding Losses (Thermal)
      • 9.11.4.6. AC Winding Loss Illustration (Thermal)
  • 9.12. Eccentricity
  • 9.13. FEA Display
  • 9.14. FEA Editor
  • 9.15. FEA Path Measurement
    • 9.15.1. FEA Path Editor
    • 9.15.2. Automatic FEA Paths
  • 9.16. Total Harmonic Distortion
  • 9.17. Custom geometry
  • 9.18. Model Symmetry
  • 9.19. Electromagnetic Forces
    • 9.19.1. Electromagnetic Forces Performance Tests
    • 9.19.2. Force Calculation Methods
    • 9.19.3. Force Coordinate Systems
    • 9.19.4. Measuring Forces using FEA Paths
    • 9.19.5. Force Data Export
• 10. Electromagnetic Graphs
  • 10.1. Summary [EMag Graphs]
  • 10.2. BPM Graphs [EMag]
    • 10.2.1. Currents [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.2. Terminal Voltages [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.3. Back EMF [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.4. Torque [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.5. Cogging Torque [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.6. Airgap Flux Density [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.7. Flux Linkage O/C [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.8. Flux Linkage on Load [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.9. Inductance [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.10. Torque Speed [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.11. Power Speed [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.12. Short Circuit [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.13. Forces O/C [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.14. Forces on Load [BPM Graphs]
    • 10.2.15. Harmonics [BPM Graphs]
  • 10.3. IM Graphs [EMag]
    • 10.3.1. Currents [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.2. Locked Rotor Torque [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.3. Single Load Point Back EMF [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.4. Torque [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.5. Losses [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.6. Airgap Flux Density [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.7. Power Factor [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.8. Inductance [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.9. Efficiency [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.10. No Load Flux Linkage [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.11. Acceleration [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.12. Single Load Point Torque [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.13. Power [IM Graphs]
    • 10.3.14. Forces on Load [IM Graphs]
  • 10.4. SRM Graphs [EMag]
    • 10.4.1. Torque Speed [SRM Graphs]
    • 10.4.2. Power Speed [SRM Graphs]
    • 10.4.3. Magnetisation Curves [SRM Graphs]
  • 10.5. PMDC Graphs [EMag]
    • 10.5.1. Torque Speed [PMDC Graphs]
• 11. Thermal
  • 11.1. Thermal Calculation
  • 11.2. Loss Models
    • 11.2.1. Loss Variation with Speed
    • 11.2.2. Copper Loss Variation with Temperature
    • 11.2.3. Close-Coupled Transient Solution
    • 11.2.4. Loss Variation with Temperature & Load
  • 11.3. Winding Models
    • 11.3.1. Cuboidal Winding Model
    • 11.3.2. Hairpin Thermal Model
  • 11.4. Thermal Transient
    • 11.4.1. Transient Calculation Settings
    • 11.4.2. Duty Cycle Definition
    • 11.4.3. Duty Cycle Data File
    • 11.4.4. Transient Fault Analysis
    • 11.4.5. Fault Tolerant multi-phase open circuit
    • 11.4.6. 1 Phase open circuit (square wave drive)
  • 11.5. Temperatures
    • 11.5.1. Schematic - Overview
    • 11.5.2. Schematic - Detail
    • 11.5.3. Radial Temperatures
    • 11.5.4. Axial Temperatures
    • 11.5.5. Finite Element
      • 11.5.5.1. Stator FEA
      • 11.5.5.2. Rotor FEA
      • 11.5.5.3. Radial Shading
      • 11.5.5.4. Axial Shading
    • 11.5.6. Validation
    • 11.5.7. 2D Calibration Model
  • 11.6. Thermal Transient Graph
    • 11.6.1. Transient Combined Temperature Graph
    • 11.6.2. Transient Control
    • 11.6.3. Transient Custom Graph Settings
    • 11.6.4. Transient Diff Temperature Data
    • 11.6.5. Transient Power Data
    • 11.6.6. Transient Power Graph Setup
    • 11.6.7. Transient Progress Form
    • 11.6.8. Transient Saved Temperature Data
    • 11.6.9. Transient Saved Temperature Data Options
    • 11.6.10. Transient Temperature Data
    • 11.6.11. Transient Temperature Graph Setup
    • 11.6.12. Transient Test Temperature Data
    • 11.6.13. Transient Test Temperature Data Selection
    • 11.6.14. Transient Heat Flow Data
    • 11.6.15. Transient Heat Flow Graph Setup
  • 11.7. Reduced Node Model
    • 11.7.1. Reduced Node Model - Best Practices
  • 11.8. Fluid Temperature Calculation Method
  • 11.9. Motor Types
    • 11.9.1. BPM-Therm
    • 11.9.2. BPMOR-Therm
    • 11.9.3. IM-Therm
    • 11.9.4. PMDC-Therm
    • 11.9.5. SRM-Therm
    • 11.9.6. SYNC-Therm
    • 11.9.7. IM1PH-Therm
    • 11.9.8. CLAW-Therm
• 12. Sensitivity Study
  • 12.1. Sensitivity Results
  • 12.2. Sensitivity Results [Multiparametric]
• 13. Flow Circuit
• 14. Output Data [Numerical Values]
  • 14.1. Electromagnetics [Output Data]
    • 14.1.1. BPM Electromagnetics [Output Data]
      • 14.1.1.1. Drive [BPM Output Data]
      • 14.1.1.2. E-Magnetics [BPM Output Data]
      • 14.1.1.3. Phasor Diagram [BPM Output Data]
      • 14.1.1.4. Forces [BPM Output Data]
      • 14.1.1.5. Equivalent Circuit [BPM Output Data]
      • 14.1.1.6. Flux Densities [BPM Output Data]
      • 14.1.1.7. Losses [BPM Output Data]
      • 14.1.1.8. Load Circuit [BPM Output Data]
      • 14.1.1.9. Drive [Passive Generator Output Data]
    • 14.1.2. SRM Electromagnetics [Output Data]
      • 14.1.2.1. Drive [SRM Output Data]
      • 14.1.2.2. E-Magnetics [SRM Output Data]
    • 14.1.3. IM Electromagnetics [Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.1. Drive [Induction Machine Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.2. E-Magnetics [Induction Machine Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.3. Forces [IM Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.4. Equivalent Circuit [Induction Machine Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.5. Inductance [Induction Machine Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.6. Locked Rotor [Induction Machine Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.7. Single Load Point [Induction Machine Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.8. Flux Densities [Induction Machine Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.9. Core Losses [Induction Machine Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.10. Losses [Induction Machine Output Data]
      • 14.1.3.11. Lookup [Output Data]
    • 14.1.4. IM1PH Electromagnetics [Output Data]
      • 14.1.4.1. E-Magnetics [IM1PH Output Data]
      • 14.1.4.2. Equivalent Circuit [IM1PH Output Data]
      • 14.1.4.3. Winding [IM1PH Output Data]
    • 14.1.5. PMDC Electromagnetics [Output Data]
      • 14.1.5.1. Drive [PMDC Output Data]
      • 14.1.5.2. E-Magnetics [PMDC Output Data]
      • 14.1.5.3. Winding [PMDC Output Data]
    • 14.1.6. Winding [Electromagnetic Output Data]
    • 14.1.7. Materials [Electromagnetic Output Data]
  • 14.2. Thermal [Output Data]
    • 14.2.1. Temperature [Output Data]
    • 14.2.2. Losses [Thermal Output Data]
    • 14.2.3. Heat Transfer Coefficient Data
      • 14.2.3.1. Surface Areas
      • 14.2.3.2. Heat Transfer Coeff - 1 [Output Data]
      • 14.2.3.3. Heat Transfer Coeff - 2 [Output Data]
      • 14.2.3.4. Natural Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients
      • 14.2.3.5. Forced Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients
      • 14.2.3.6. Mixed Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients
      • 14.2.3.7. Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficients
    • 14.2.4. Thermal Resistance [Output Data]
    • 14.2.5. Thermal Capacitance Data
    • 14.2.6. End Space [Output Data]
    • 14.2.7. Winding
      • 14.2.7.1. Winding Areas
      • 14.2.7.2. Winding [IM1PH Thermal Output Data]
    • 14.2.8. Duty Cycle [Thermal Output Data]
    • 14.2.9. Miscellaneous [Output Data]
      • 14.2.9.1. Miscellaneous Output Parameters (Housing)
      • 14.2.9.2. Miscellaneous Output Parameters (Fluids)
      • 14.2.9.3. Miscellaneous Output Parameters (Airgap)
      • 14.2.9.4. Miscellaneous Output Parameters (Other)
    • 14.2.10. Housing Water Jacket [Output Data]
      • 14.2.10.1. Temperature [Housing WJ]
      • 14.2.10.2. Flow [Housing WJ]
      • 14.2.10.3. Dissipation [Housing WJ]
      • 14.2.10.4. Area [Housing WJ]
      • 14.2.10.5. Thermal Resistance [Housing WJ]
    • 14.2.11. Shaft Spiral Groove [Output Data]
      • 14.2.11.1. Temperature [Shaft Spiral Groove]
      • 14.2.11.2. Flow [Shaft Spiral Groove]
      • 14.2.11.3. Dissipation [Shaft Spiral Groove]
      • 14.2.11.4. Area [Shaft Spiral Groove]
      • 14.2.11.5. Thermal Resistance [Shaft Spiral Groove]
    • 14.2.12. Slot Water Jacket [Output Data]
      • 14.2.12.1. Temperature [Slot Water Jacket]
      • 14.2.12.2. Flow [Slot Water Jacket]
      • 14.2.12.3. Dissipation [Slot Water Jacket]
      • 14.2.12.4. Area [Slot Water Jacket]
      • 14.2.12.5. Thermal Resistance [Slot Water Jacket]
    • 14.2.13. Spray Cooling [Output Data]
      • 14.2.13.1. Temperature [Spray Cooling]
      • 14.2.13.2. Flow [Spray Cooling]
      • 14.2.13.3. Dissipation [Spray Cooling]
      • 14.2.13.4. Area [Spray Cooling]
      • 14.2.13.5. Thermal Resistance [Spray Cooling]
    • 14.2.14. Rotor Water Jacket [Output Data]
    • 14.2.15. Wet Rotor Output Parameters (Temperature)
      • 14.2.15.1. Temperature [Wet Rotor]
      • 14.2.15.2. Flow [Wet Rotor]
      • 14.2.15.3. Dissipation [Wet Rotor]
      • 14.2.15.4. Area [Wet Rotor]
      • 14.2.15.5. Thermal Resistance [Wet Rotor]
    • 14.2.16. Through Ventilation [Output Data]
      • 14.2.16.1. Temperature [Through Ventilation]
      • 14.2.16.2. Flow [Through Ventilation]
      • 14.2.16.3. Dissipation [Through Ventilation]
      • 14.2.16.4. Area [Through Ventilation]
      • 14.2.16.5. Thermal Resistance [Through Ventilation]
    • 14.2.17. Housing Peripheries
    • 14.2.18. Blown Over Flow Rates and Air Temperatures
    • 14.2.19. Stall Parameters
  • 14.3. Mechanical [Output Data]
    • 14.3.1. Mechanical [Output Data]
  • 14.4. Convergence [Output Data]
    • 14.4.1. Convergence Statistics [Output Data]
  • 14.5. Custom Outputs
    • 14.5.1. Python
    • 14.5.2. VBA
• 15. Lab
  • 15.1. Basic Theory
    • 15.1.1. BPM Basic Theory
      • 15.1.1.1. dq Axis modeling
      • 15.1.1.2. BPM Control Strategy
      • 15.1.1.3. Torque/Speed Characteristics
      • 15.1.1.4. Saturation and Cross Coupling
    • 15.1.2. IM Basic Theory
      • 15.1.2.1. Equivalent Circuit
      • 15.1.2.2. IM Control Strategy
    • 15.1.3. SYNC Basic Theory
  • 15.2. Model Build
    • 15.2.1. Copper Loss Model Build
    • 15.2.2. Lab Model Build Custom Resolution
    • 15.2.3. BPM Model Build
      • 15.2.3.1. BPM AC Winding Loss Model Build
      • 15.2.3.2. BPM Iron Loss Model Build
      • 15.2.3.3. Magnet Loss Model Build
      • 15.2.3.4. Sleeve and Banding Loss Model Build
      • 15.2.3.5. Machine Parameters
    • 15.2.4. IM Model Build
      • 15.2.4.1. IM Loss Model Build
    • 15.2.5. SYNC Model Build
      • 15.2.5.1. SYNC Loss Model Build
  • 15.3. Calculation Settings
    • 15.3.1. Custom Losses
  • 15.4. Lab Calculations
    • 15.4.1. Electromagnetic
      • 15.4.1.1. Maximum Torque/Speed Curve
      • 15.4.1.2. Efficiency Map
      • 15.4.1.3. Torque Grid
    • 15.4.2. Thermal
      • 15.4.2.1. Thermal Envelope
      • 15.4.2.2. Thermal Map
    • 15.4.3. Duty Cycle
      • 15.4.3.1. Vehicle modeling
      • 15.4.3.2. Automotive Drive Cycle Details
      • 15.4.3.3. Duty Cycle Analysis
    • 15.4.4. Operating Point
    • 15.4.5. Generator
    • 15.4.6. Calibration
  • 15.5. Lab Settings
    • 15.5.1. BPM Settings
    • 15.5.2. IM Settings
    • 15.5.3. Sync Settings
  • 15.6. Lab Results Viewer
  • 15.7. Lab Output Parameters
  • 15.8. Automation in Lab
  • 15.9. Exporting Lab Results
  • 15.10. Electromagnetic Link
    • 15.10.1. Motor-CAD EMag Link
    • 15.10.2. Ansys Maxwell Link
      • 15.10.2.1. Model Options (AEDT link)
      • 15.10.2.2. Model Options IM (AEDT link)
      • 15.10.2.3. Loss Model (AEDT link)
      • 15.10.2.4. Machine Parameters (AEDT link)
      • 15.10.2.5. Machine Components (AEDT link)
      • 15.10.2.6. Model Build (AEDT link)
    • 15.10.3. Ansys Maxwell + Custom
  • 15.11. Lab FAQ
  • 15.12. Lab Common Problems
    • 15.12.1. Lab Problem - IM Efficiency Map
    • 15.12.2. Lab Problem - Sync Efficiency Map
• 16. Mechanical
  • 16.1. Rotor Stress Calculation
  • 16.2. E-NVH/Forces Calculation
  • 16.3. Electromagnetic-Noise Vibration and Harshness (E-NVH)
    • 16.3.1. Modal (E-NVH)
      • 16.3.1.1. Adjust Modal Results
    • 16.3.2. Torque (E-NVH)
    • 16.3.3. Currents (E-NVH)
    • 16.3.4. Forces (E-NVH)
      • 16.3.4.1. Time Harmonics 1D
      • 16.3.4.2. Space Harmonics 1D
      • 16.3.4.3. Time Domain 2D
      • 16.3.4.4. Frequency Domain 2D
      • 16.3.4.5. Campbell Diagram
      • 16.3.4.6. Polar Plot
      • 16.3.4.7. Force Settings
    • 16.3.5. Structural (E-NVH)
      • 16.3.5.1. Static Displacement
      • 16.3.5.2. Magnification Factor
      • 16.3.5.3. Dynamic Displacement
      • 16.3.5.4. Velocity
      • 16.3.5.5. Acceleration
    • 16.3.6. Acoustic (E-NVH)
      • 16.3.6.1. Radiated Power
      • 16.3.6.2. Spectogram
      • 16.3.6.3. Spatiogram
      • 16.3.6.4. Order Tracking
      • 16.3.6.5. Play Sound
    • 16.3.7. Settings (E-NVH)
    • 16.3.8. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
    • 16.3.9. Nyquist-Shannon Theorem
    • 16.3.10. Resonance Effect
  • 16.4. Rotor Stresses
  • 16.5. Rotor Stress Theory
  • 16.6. Mechanical Mesh
• 17. DataFiles
  • 17.1. *.mot datafile
  • 17.2. *.mdb datafile
  • 17.3. *.trf datafile
  • 17.4. *.gsf datafile
• 18. Links to Ansys Software
  • 18.1. Ansys Electronics Desktop
  • 18.2. Ansys Discovery / SpaceClaim export
    • 18.2.1. Ansys Discovery
    • 18.2.2. Ansys SpaceClaim
  • 18.3. Ansys Design Modeller
  • 18.4. Ansys optiSLang
  • 18.5. Ansys Granta
  • 18.6. Ansys Mechanical
  • 18.7. Ansys Sound
• 19. Links to SPEED Software
  • 19.1. SPEED Import/Export
  • 19.2. SPEED Material Import
• 20. Default Settings
  • 20.1. Lab Compatibility Settings
  • 20.2. Thermal Compatibility Settings
• 21. Export Force/NVH Data
  • 21.1. Link to Ansys Mechanical
  • 21.2. Link to Ansys Sound
  • 21.3. Link to Romax Software
• 22. Saturation and Loss Maps Export
• 23. 3D Geometry Export
• 24. FEA Script
• 25. Exporting Results
  • 25.1. Graph Data Export
• 26. Automation and Scripting
  • 26.1. Internal Scripting
    • 26.1.1. Python Scripting
    • 26.1.2. VBA Scripting
    • 26.1.3. Scripting Settings
  • 26.2. Automation
  • 26.3. Automation Registration
  • 26.4. Automation Input and Output Parameters
  • 26.5. Automation Commands
  • 26.6. PyMotorCAD
  • 26.7. Automation FAQ
  • 26.8. ActiveX Excel Example
  • 26.9. ActiveX Matlab Example
• 27. Blackbox Mode
• 28. High Performance Computing (HPC)
• 29. FMU Interface
  • 29.1. BPM Lab FMU
  • 29.2. IM Lab FMU
  • 29.3. SYNC Lab FMU
  • 29.4. Thermal FMU
  • 29.5. Custom Parameters FMU
  • 29.6. Import of FMU's into Simulink
• 30. Command Line
• 31. Interface Language
• 32. Units
  • 32.1. Units
  • 32.2. Electrical Degrees
• 33. Environment Variables
• 34. Defaults
  • 34.1. Default Folder
  • 34.2. Defaults [Defaults.INI]
  • 34.3. Display Size
  • 34.4. Default File Locations
  • 34.5. Default Axial Flux Parameters
• 35. Suggested Reading