There are a number of possible unit systems provided for the solution process in the Mechanical application. The tables shown below present the solver unit systems for the various quantities. For a given solution, the application detects the specified unit system and then converts all analysis quantities into a consistent unit system prior to sending data to the solver. This makes sure that the application interprets all unit systems for all quantities correctly for processing as the inputs and the outputs to the Mechanical APDL application. Note that the GUI may display units that are different than the ones shown below.
Note:
Units of measure specified in Commands objects are not converted when they are sent to the solver.
All magnetostatic analyses solve in the mks system regardless of the user-defined system.
Note the following Units options.
Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA)
Metric (mm, t, N, s, mV, mA)
Metric (mm, dat, N, s, mV, mA)
These options differ only by Mass unit: kilogram (kg), metric ton (t), and decaton (dat). However, the consistent unit system used for the solver is the same for all quantities, i.e. Mass is measured in tons [t]. For the purposes of this discussion, the following descriptions use only the first option (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA), to represent all three of the above interface options.
For the unit system (mm, kg, kN, ms, mV, mA), all of the analyses that use the Solver Target property setting, Mechanical APDL, the application solves the using the (mm, t, N, s, mV, mA) unit system as the solving unit system.
For additional information on unit systems for use with LS-DYNA, see Solving Units in the LS-DYNA User's Guide.
Table 18.2: Acceleration and RS Acceleration
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meters/second2 [m/s2] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeters/second2 [cm/s2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeters/second2 [mm/s2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometers/second2 [μm/s2] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet/second2 [ft/s2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches/second2 [in/s2] |
| mm, mg, ms | millimeters/millisecond2 [mm/ms2] |
| m, kg, s | meters/second2 [m/s2] |
| mm, t, s | millimeters/second2 [mm/s2] |
| in,lbf, s | inches/second2 [in/s2] |
Table 18.3: Angle
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | radians [rad] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | radians [rad] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | radians [rad] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | radians [rad] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | radians [rad] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | radians [rad] |
Table 18.4: Angular Acceleration
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | radians/second2 [rad/s2] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | radians/second2 [rad/s2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | radians/second2 [rad/s2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | radians/second2 [rad/s2] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | radians/second2 [rad/s2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | radians/second2 [rad/s2] |
Table 18.5: Angular Velocity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | radians/second [rad/s] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | radians/second [rad/s] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | radians/second [rad/s] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | radians/second [rad/s] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | radians/second [rad/s] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | radians/second [rad/s] |
| mm, mg, ms | radians/millisecond [rad/ms] |
| m, kg, s | radians/second [rad/s] |
| mm, t, s | radians/second [rad/s] |
| in,lbf, s | radians/second [rad/s] |
Table 18.6: Area
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meters2 [m2] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeters2 [cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeters2 [mm2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometers2 [μm2] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet2 [ft2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches2 [in2] |
| mm, mg, ms | millimeters2 [mm2] |
| m, kg, s | meters2 [m2] |
| mm, t, s | millimeters2 [mm2] |
| in,lbf, s | inches2 [in2] |
Table 18.7: Capacitance
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Farads [F] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Farads [F] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | microFarads [μF] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoFarads [pF] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Farads [F] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Farads [F] |
Table 18.8: Charge
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Coulombs [C] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Coulombs [C] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliCoulombs [mC] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoCoulombs [pC] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Coulombs [C] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Coulombs [C] |
Table 18.9: Charge Density
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Coulombs/meter2 [C/m2] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Coulombs/centimeter2 [C/cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliCoulombs/millimeter2 [mC/mm2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoCoulombs/micrometer2 [pC/μm2] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Coulombs/foot2 [C/ft2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Coulombs/inch2 [C/in2] |
Table 18.10: Conductivity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) |
Watts/meter * degree Celsius [W/m * °C] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/second * degree Celsius [dyne/s * °C] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeters/second3 * degree Celsius [t * mm/s3 * °C] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoWatts/micrometers * degree Celsius [pW/μm * °C] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * feet/second3 * degree Fahrenheit [(lbm/32.2)ft/s3 * °F] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inches/second3 * degree Fahrenheit [(lbm/386.4)in/s3 * °F] |
Table 18.11: Current
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Amperes [A] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Amperes [A] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliAmperes [mA] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoAmperes [pA] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Amperes [A] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Amperes [A] |
Table 18.12: Current Density
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Amperes/meter2 [A/m2] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Amperes/centimeter2 [A/cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliAmperes/millimeter2 [mA/mm2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | milliAmperes/micrometer2 [mA/μm2] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Amperes/foot2 [A/ft2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Amperes/inch2 [A/in2] |
Table 18.13: Decay Constant
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | 1/seconds [1/s] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | 1/seconds [1/s] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | 1/seconds [1/s] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | 1/seconds [1/s] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | 1/seconds [1/s] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | 1/seconds [1/s] |
Table 18.14: Density
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | kilograms/meter3 [kg/m3] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | grams/cm3 [g/cm3] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | tons/millimeter3 [t/mm3] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | kilograms/micrometer3 [kg/μm3] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (slug/1)/foot3 [(lbm/32.2)1/ft3] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (slinch/1)/inch3 [(lbm/386.4)1/in3] |
| mm, mg, ms | grams/cm3 [g/cm3] |
| m, kg, s | kilograms/meter3 [kg/m3] |
| mm, t, s | tons/millimeter3 [t/mm3] |
| in,lbf, s | (slinch/1)/inch3 [(lbm/386.4)1/in3] |
Table 18.15: Displacement and RS Displacement
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meters [m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeters [cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeters [mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometers [μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet [ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches [in] |
| mm, mg, ms | millimeters [mm] |
| m, kg, s | meters [m] |
| mm, t, s | millimeters [mm] |
| in,lbf, s | inches [in] |
Table 18.16: Electric Conductance Per Unit Area
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Siemens/meter2 [S/m2] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Siemens/centimeter2 [S/cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | Siemens/millimeter2 [S/mm2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoSiemens/micrometer2 [pS/μm2] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Siemens/foot2 [S/ft2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Siemens/inch2 [S/in2] |
Table 18.17: Electric Conductivity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Siemens/meter [S/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Siemens/centimeter [S/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | Siemens/millimeter [S/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoSiemens/micrometer [pS/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Siemens/foot [S/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Siemens/inch [S/in] |
Table 18.18: Electric Field
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Volts/meter [V/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Volts/centimeter [V/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliVolts/millimeter [mV/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | Volts/micrometer [V/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Volts/foot [V/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Volts/inch [V/in] |
Table 18.19: Electric Flux Density
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Coulombs/meter2 [C/m2] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Coulombs/centimeter2 [C/cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliCoulombs/millimeter2 [mC/mm2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoCoulombs/micrometer2 [pC/μm2] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Coulombs/foot2 [C/ft2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Coulombs/inch2 [C/in2] |
Table 18.20: Electric Resistivity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Ohm * meters [Ohm * m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Ohm * centimeters [Ohm * cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | Ohm * millimeters [Ohm * mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | teraOhm * micrometers [Tohm * μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Ohm * Cir-mils/foot [Ohm * Cir-mil/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Ohm * Cir-mils/inch [Ohm * Cir-mil/in] |
Table 18.21: Energy
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Joules [J] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | ergs [erg] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliJoules [mJ] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoJoules [pJ] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * feet2/second2 [(lbm/32.2)ft2/s2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inches2/second2 [(lbm/386.4)in2/s2] |
| mm, mg, ms | microJoules [μJ] |
| m, kg, s | Joules [J] |
| mm, t, s | milliJoules [mJ] |
| in,lbf, s | slinch * inches2/second2 [(lbm/386.4)in2/s2] |
Table 18.22: Energy Density by Mass
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Joules/kilograms [J/kg] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes * centimeters/grams [dyne * cm /g] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliJoules/tons [mJ/t] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoJoules/kilograms [pJ/kg] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet2 /seconds2 [ft2/s2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches2/seconds2 [in2/sec 2] |
| mm, mg, ms | Joules/kilograms [J/kg] |
| m, kg, s | Joules/kilograms [J/kg] |
| mm, t, s | milliJoules/tons [mJ/t] |
| in,lbf, s | inches2/seconds2 [in2/sec 2] |
Table 18.23: Energy Per Volume
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Joules/meter3 [J/m3] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | ergs/centimeter3 [erg/cm3] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliJoules/millimeter3 [mJ/mm3] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoJoules/micrometer3 [pJ * um3] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * foot2/second2 * feet3[(lbm/32.2) * ft2/s2 * ft3] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inch2/second2 * inch3 [(lbm/386.4) * in2/s2 * in3)] |
Table 18.24: Film Coefficient
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Watts/meter2 * degree Celsius [W/m2 * °C] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne/second * centimeter * degree Celsius [dyne/s * cm * °C] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | tons/second3 * degree Celsius [t/s3 * °C] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoWatts/micrometer2 * degree Celsius [pW/μm2 * °C] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (slug/1)/second3 * degree Fahrenheit [(lbm/32.2)1/s3 * °F] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (slinch/1)/second3 * degree Fahrenheit [(lbm/386.4)1/s3 * °F] |
Table 18.25: Force
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newtons [N] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes [dyne] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeters/second2 [t * mm/s2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewtons [μN] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * feet/second2 [(lbm/32.2)ft/s2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inches/second2 [(lbm/386.4)in/s2] |
| mm, mg, ms | milliNewtons [mN] |
| m, kg, s | Newtons [N] |
| mm, t, s | Newtons [N] |
| in,lbf, s | pound force (lbf) |
Table 18.26: Force Intensity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newtons/meter [N/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/centimeter [dyne/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | tons/second2 [t/s2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewtons/micrometer [μN/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (slug/1)/second2 [(lbm/32.2)1/s2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (slinch/1)/second2 [(lbm/386.4)1/s2] |
| mm, mg, ms | Newtons/meter [N/m] or milliNewtons/millimeter [mN/mm] |
| m, kg, s | Newtons/meter [N/m] |
| mm, t, s | Newtons/millimeter [N/mm] |
| in,lbf, s | pound force/inch [lbf/in] |
Table 18.27: Force Per Angular Unit
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newtons/radian [N/rad] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/radian [dyne/rad] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | Newtons/radian [N/rad] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewtons/radian [μN/rad] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | pounds mass/radian [lbf/rad] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | pounds mass/radian [lbf/rad] |
Table 18.28: Fracture Energy (Energy Release Rate)
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Joules/meter2 [J/m2] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | erg/centimeter2 [erg/cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliJoules/millimeter2 [mJ/mm2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoJoules/micrometer2 [pJ/μm2] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * feet2/seconds2 * feet2 [(lbm-ft2)/(s2) * ft2 |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inch2/seconds2 * inch2 [(lbm-in2)/(s2) * in2 |
Table 18.29: Frequency
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Hertz[Hz] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Hertz[Hz] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | Hertz[Hz] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | Hertz[Hz] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Hertz[Hz] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Hertz[Hz] |
Table 18.30: Gasket Stiffness
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Pascals/meter [Pa/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/centimeter3 [dyne/cm3] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | tons/second2 * millimeter2 [t/s2 * mm2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | megaPascals/micrometer [MPa/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug/second2 * foot2 [(lbm/32.2)/s2 * ft2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch/second2 * inch2 [(lbm/386.4)/s2 * in2] |
Table 18.31: Heat Flux
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Watts/meter2 [W/m2] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/second * centimeter [dyne/s * cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | tons/second3 [t/s3] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoWatts/micrometer2 [pW/μm2] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (slug/1)/second3 [(lbm/32.2)1/s3] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (slinch/1)/second3 [(lbm/386.4)1/s3] |
Table 18.32: Heat Generation
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Watts/meter3 [W/m3] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/second * centimeter2 [dyne/s * cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | tons/second3 * millimeter [t/s3 * mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoWatts/micrometer3 [pW/μm3] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (slug/1)/second3 * foot [(lbm/32.2)1/s3 * ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (slinch/1)/second3 * inch [(lbm/386.4)1/s3 * in] |
Table 18.33: Heat Rate
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Watts [W] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne * centimeters/second [dyne * cm/s] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeters2/second3 [t * mm2/s3] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoWatts [pW] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * feet2/second3 [(lbm/32.2) * ft2/s3] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inches2/second3 [(lbm/386.4) * in2/s3] |
Table 18.34: Impulse
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newton * second [N * s] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne * second [dyne * s] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | Newton * second [N * s] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewton * second [μN * s] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | pounds mass * second [lbf * s] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | pounds mass * second [lbf * s] |
| mm, mg, ms | microNewton * second [μN * s] |
| m, kg, s | Newton * second [N * s] |
| mm, t, s | Newton * second [N * s] |
| in,lbf, s | pound force * second (lbf * second) |
Table 18.35: Impulse Per Angular Unit
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newton * second/rad [N * s/rad] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne * second/radian [dyne * s/rad] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | Newton * second/rad [N * s/rad] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewton * second/radian [μN * s/rad] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | pounds mass * second/radian [lbf * s/rad] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | pounds mass * second/radian [lbf * s/rad] |
Table 18.36: Inductance
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Henries [H] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Henries [H] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliHenries [mH] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | teraHenries [TH] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Henries [H] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Henries [H] |
Table 18.37: Inverse Angle
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | 1/radians [1/rad] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | 1/radians [1/rad] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | 1/radians [1/rad] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | 1/radians [1/rad] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | 1/radians [1/rad] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | 1/radians [1/rad] |
Note: The units presented above are applicable when the are set to . The applicable units are 1/degree [1/o] when the are set to .
Table 18.38: Inverse Length
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | 1/meter [1/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | 1/centimeter [1/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | 1/millimeter [1/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | 1/micrometer [1/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | 1/foot [1/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | 1/inch [1/in] |
Table 18.39: Inverse Stress
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | 1/Pascal [1/Pa] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeters2/dyne [cm2/dyne] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | second2 * millimeters/ton [s2 * mm/t] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | 1/megaPascal [1/MPa] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | second2 * feet/slug [s2 * ft/(lbm/32.2)] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | second2 * inch/slinch [s2 * in/(lbm/386.4)] |
Table 18.40: Length
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meters [m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeters [cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeters [mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometers [μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet [ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches [in] |
| mm, mg, ms | millimeters [mm] |
| m, kg, s | meters [m] |
| mm, t, s | millimeters [mm] |
| in,lbf, s | inches [in] |
Table 18.41: Magnetic Field Intensity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Amperes/meter [A/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Oersteds [Oe] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliAmperes/millimeter [mA/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoAmperes/micrometer [pA/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Amperes/foot [A/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Amperes/inch [A/in] |
Table 18.42: Magnetic Flux
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Webers [Wb] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Maxwells [Mx] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliWebers [mWb] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | Webers [Wb] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Lines |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Lines |
Table 18.43: Magnetic Flux Density
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Teslas [T] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Gauss [G] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliTeslas [mT] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | teraTeslas [TT] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Lines/foot2 [lines/ft2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Lines/inch2 [lines/in2] |
Table 18.44: Mass
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | kilograms [kg] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | grams [g] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | kilograms [kg] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | kilograms [kg] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug [lbm/32.2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch [lbm/386.4] |
| mm, mg, ms | milligrams [mg] |
| m, kg, s | kilograms [kg] |
| mm, t, s | tons [t] |
| in,lbf, s | slinch [lbm/386.4] |
Table 18.45: Material Impedance
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| mm, mg, ms | milligrams/millimeter2/second [mg/mm2/s] |
| m, kg, s | kilograms/meter2/second [kg/m2/s] |
| mm, t, s | tons/millimeter2/second [t/mm2/s] |
| in,lbf, s | slinch/inch2/second [slinch/in2/s] |
Table 18.46: Moment
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newton * meters [N * m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne * centimeters [dyne * cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeters2/second2 [t * mm2/s2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewton * micrometers [μN * μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * feet2/second2 [(lbm/32.2) * ft2/s2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inches2/second2 [(lbm/386.4) * in2/s2] |
| mm, mg, ms | microNewton * meters [μN * m] |
| m, kg, s | Newton * meters [N * m] |
| mm, t, s | Newton * millimeters [N * mm] |
| in,lbf, s | pound force * inch [lbf * in] |
Table 18.47: Moment of Inertia of Area
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meters4 [m4] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeters4 [cm4] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeters4 [mm4] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometers4 [μm4] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet4 [ft4] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches4 [in4] |
| mm, mg, ms | millimeters4 [mm4] |
| m, kg, s | meters4 [m4] |
| mm, t, s | millimeters4 [mm4] |
| in,lbf, s | inches4 [in4] |
Table 18.48: Moment of Inertia of Mass
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | kilogram * meter2 [kg * m2] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | gram * centimeter2 [g * cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeter2 [t * mm2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | kilogram * micrometer2 [kg * μm2] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * feet2 [(lbm/32.2) * ft2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inch2 [(lbm/386.4) * in2] |
| mm, mg, ms | milligram * millimeter2 [mg * mm2] |
| m, kg, s | kilogram * meter2 [kg * m2] |
| mm, t, s | ton * millimeter2 [t * mm2] |
| in,lbf, s | slinch * inch2 [slinch * in2] |
Table 18.49: Normalized Value
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | unitless |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | unitless |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | unitless |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | unitless |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | unitless |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | unitless |
Table 18.50: Permeability
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Henries/meter [H/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Henries/centimeter [H/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliHenries/millimeter [mH/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | teraHenries/micrometer [TH/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Henries/foot [H/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Henries/inch [H/in] |
Table 18.51: Permittivity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Farads/meter [F/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Farads/centimeter [F/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | microFarads/millimeter [μF/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoFarads/micrometer [pF/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Farads/foot [F/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Farads/inch [F/in] |
Table 18.52: Poisson's Ratio
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | unitless |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | unitless |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | unitless |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | unitless |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | unitless |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | unitless |
| mm, mg, ms | unitless |
| m, kg, s | unitless |
| mm, t, s | unitless |
| in,lbf, s | unitless |
Table 18.53: Power
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Watts [W] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne * centimeters/second [dyne * c/s] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeters2/second3 [t * mm2/s3] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoWatts [pW] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * feet2/second3 [(lbm/32.2) * ft2/s3] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inches2/second3 [(lbm/386.4) * in2/s3] |
| mm, mg, ms | milliWatts [mW] |
| m, kg, s | Watts [W] |
| mm, t, s | Newton * millimeters/second [N * mm/s] |
| in,lbf, s | pound force * inch/second [lbf * in/s] |
Table 18.54: Pressure
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Pascals [Pa] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/centimeter2 [dyne/cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton/second2/millimeters [t/s2/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | megaPascals [MPa] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (slug/1)/second2/foot [(lbm/32.2)1/s2/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (slinch/1)/second2/inch [(lbm/386.4)1/s2/in] |
| mm, mg, ms | kiloPascals [kPa] |
| m, kg, s | Pascals [Pa] |
| mm, t, s | megaPascals [MPa] |
| in,lbf, s | pounds/inch2 [lb/in2] |
Table 18.55: PSD Acceleration
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | (meters/second2)2/Hertz [(m/s2)2/Hz] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | (centimeters/second2)2/Hertz [(cm/s2)2/Hz] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | (millimeters/second2)2/Hertz [(mm/s2)2/Hz] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | (micrometers/second2)2/megahertz [(μm/s2)2/MHz] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (feet/second2)2/Hertz [(ft/s2)2/Hz] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (inch/second2)2/Hertz [(in/s2)2/Hz] |
Table 18.56: PSD Acceleration (G)
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | G2/Hertz [G2/Hz] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | G2/Hertz [G2/Hz] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | G2/Hertz [G2/Hz] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | G2/Hertz [G2/Hz] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | G2/Hertz [G2/Hz] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | G2/Hertz [G2/Hz] |
Table 18.57: PSD Displacement
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meters2/Hertz [m2/Hz] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeters2/Hertz [cm2/Hz] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeters2/Hertz [mm2/Hz] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometers2/megaHertz [μm2/MHz] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet2/Hertz [ft2/Hz] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches2/Hertz [in2/Hz] |
Table 18.58: PSD Force
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newtons2/Hertz [N2/Hz] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes2/Hertz [dyne2/Hz] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ((kilograms.millimeters)/second2)2/Hertz [((kg * mm)/s2)2/Hz] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewtons2/Hertz [μN2/Hz] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | ((pounds * mass/32.2) * feet)/second2))2/Hertz [((lb * m/32.2) * ft/s2))2/Hz] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | ((pounds * mass/32.2) * inches)/second2))2/Hertz [((lb * m/32.2) * in/s2))2/Hz] |
Table 18.59: PSD Moment
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | (Newtons * meters)2/Hertz [(N * m)2/Hz] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | (dynes * centimeters)2/Hertz [(dyne * cm)2/Hz] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ((kilograms * millimeters2)/Second2)2/Hertz [((kg * mm2)/s2)2/Hz] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | (microNewtons * micrometers)2/Hertz [(μN * μm)2/Hz] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | ((pounds * mass/32.2) * feet2)/second2) 2/Hertz [((lb * m/32.2) * ft2)/s2)2/Hz] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | ((pounds * mass/386.4) * inches2)/second2)2/Hertz [((lb * m/386.4) * in2)/s2)2/Hz] |
Table 18.60: PSD Pressure
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Pascals2/Hertz [Pa2/Hz] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | (dynes/centimeter2)2/Hertz [(dyne/cm2)2/Hz] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | (kilograms/(millimeter * second2))2/Hertz [(kg/(mm * s2))2/Hz] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | megaNewtons2/Hertz [MPa2/Hz] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (slug/(foot * second2))2/Hertz [((lbm/32.2)/(ft * s2))2/Hz] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (slinch/(inch * second2))2/Hertz [((lbm/386.4)/(in * s2))2/Hz] |
Table 18.61: PSD Strain
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | (meters/meter)2/Hertz [(m/m)2/Hz] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | (centimeters/centimeter)2/Hertz [(cm/cm)2/Hz] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | (millimeters/millimeter)2/Hertz [(mm/mm)2/Hz] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | (micrometers/micrometer)2/Hertz [(μm/μm)2/Hz] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (feet/foot)2/Hertz [(ft/ft)2/Hz] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (inches/inch)2/Hertz [(in/in)2/Hz] |
Table 18.62: PSD Stress
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Pascals2/Hertz [Pa2/Hz] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | (dynes/centimeter2)2/Hertz [(dyne/cm2)2/Hz] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | (kilograms/(millimeter * second2))2/Hertz [(kg/(mm * s2))2/Hz] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | megaNewtons2/Hertz [MPa2/Hz] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (slug/(foot * second2))2/Hertz [((lbm/32.2)/(ft * s2))2/Hz] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (slinch/(inch * second2))2/Hertz [((lbm/386.4)/(in * s2))2/Hz] |
Table 18.63: PSD Velocity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | (meters/second)2/Hertz [(m/s)2/Hz] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | (centimeters/second)2/Hertz [(cm/s)2/Hz] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | (millimeters/second)2/Hertz [(mm/s)2/Hz] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | (micrometers/second)2/megahertz [(μm/s)2/MHz] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (feet/second)2/Hertz [(ft/s)2/Hz] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (inches/second)2/Hertz [(in/s)2/Hz] |
Table 18.64: Relative Permeability
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | unitless |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | unitless |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | unitless |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | unitless |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | unitless |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | unitless |
Table 18.65: Relative Permittivity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | unitless |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | unitless |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | unitless |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | unitless |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | unitless |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | unitless |
Table 18.66: Rotational Damping
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newton * meter * seconds/radian [N * m * s/rad] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne * centimeter * seconds/radian [dyne * cm * s/rad] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeter2 * seconds/second2 * radian [t * mm2 * s/s2 * rad] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewton * micrometer * seconds/radian [μN * μm * s/rad] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * foot2 * seconds/second2 * radian [(lbm/32.2) * ft2 * s/s2 * rad] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inch2 * seconds/second2 * radian [(lbm/386.4) * in2 * s/s2 * rad] |
Table 18.67: Rotational Stiffness
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newton * meters/radian [N * m/rad] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes * centimeters/radian [dyne * cm/rad] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeters2/second2 * radian [t * mm2/s2 * rad] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewton * micrometers/radian [μN*μm/rad] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * feet2/second2 * radian [(lbm/32.2) * ft2/s2 * rad] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inches2/second2 * radian [(lbm/386.4) * in2/s2 * rad] |
Table 18.68: Seebeck Coefficient
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Volts/degree Celsius [V/°C] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Volts/degree Celsius [V/°C] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliVolts/degree Celsius [mV/°C] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | Volts/degree Celsius [V/°C] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Volts/degree Fahrenheit [V/°F] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Volts/degree Fahrenheit [V/°F] |
Table 18.69: Section Modulus
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meters3 [m3] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeters3 [cm3] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeters3 [mm3] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometers3 [μm3] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet3 [ft3] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches3 [in3] |
| mm, mg, ms | millimeters3 [mm3] |
| m, kg, s | meters3 [m3] |
| mm, t, s | millimeters3 [mm3] |
| in,lbf, s | inch3 [in3] |
Table 18.70: Shear Elastic Strain
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | radians [rad] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | radians [rad] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | radians [rad] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | radians [rad] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | radians [rad] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | radians [rad] |
Table 18.71: Shock Velocity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | seconds/meters [s/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | seconds/centimeters [s/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | seconds/millimeters [s/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | seconds/micrometers [s/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | seconds/feet [s/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | seconds/inches [s/in] |
Table 18.72: Specific Heat
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Joules/kilogram * degree Celsius [J/kg * °C] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne * centimeters/gram * degree Celsius [dyne*cm/g * °C] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeters2/second2 * degree Celsius [mm2/s2 * °C] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoJoules/kilogram * degree Celsius [pJ/kg * °C] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet2/second2 * degree Fahrenheit [ft2/s2 * °F] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches2/second2 * degree Fahrenheit [in2/s2 * °F] |
| mm, mg, ms | Joules/kilogram * degree Kelvin [J/kg * °K] |
| m, kg, s | Joules/kilogram/degree Kelvin [J/kg/°K] |
| mm, t, s | milliJoules/ton/degree Kelvin [mJ/t/oK] |
| in,lbf, s | inch2/second2/°F [in2/s2/°F] |
Table 18.73: Specific Weight
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newtons/meter3 [N/m3] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/centimeter3 [dyne/cm3] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | tons/second2 * millimeters2 [t/s2 * mm2] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewtons/micrometer3 [μN/μm3] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (slug/1)/second2 * feet2 [(lbm/32.2)1/s2 * ft2] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (slinch/1)/second2 * inch2 [(lbm/386.4)1/s2 * in2] |
| mm, mg, ms | megaNewtons/meter3 [MN/m3] |
| m, kg, s | Newtons/meter3 [N/m3] |
| mm, t, s | Newtons/millimeter3 [N/mm3] |
| in,lbf, s | pound force/inch3 [lbf/in3] |
Table 18.74: Square Root of Length
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meter0.5 [m0.5] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeter0.5 [cm0.5] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeter0.5 [mm0.5] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometer0.5 [μm0.5] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet0.5 [ft0.5] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inch0.5 [in0.5] |
Table 18.75: Stiffness
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newtons/meter [N/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/centimeter [dyne/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | Newtons/millimeter [N/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewtons/micrometer [μN/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | pound force/foot [lbf/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | pound force/inch [lbf/in] |
| mm, mg, ms | Newtons/meter [N/m] or milliNewtons/millimeter [mN/mm] |
| m, kg, s | Newtons/meter [N/m] |
| mm, t, s | Newtons/millimeter [N/m] |
| in,lbf, s | pound force/inch [lbf/in] |
Table 18.76: Strain and RS Strain
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meter/meter [m/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeter/centimeter [cm/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeter/millimeter [mm/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometer/micrometer [μm/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet/foot [ft/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inch/inch [in/in] |
| mm, mg, ms | millimeter/millimeter [mm/mm] |
| m, kg, s | meter/meter [m/m] |
| mm, t, s | millimeter/millimeter [mm/mm] |
| in,lbf, s | inch/inch [in/in] |
Table 18.77: Strength
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Pascals [Pa] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/centimeter2 [dyne/cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton/second2 * millimeters [t/s2 * mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | megaPascals [MPa] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | (slug/1)/second2 * foot [(lbm/32.2)1/s2 * ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | (slinch/1)/second2 * inch [(lbm/386.4)1/s2 * in] |
| mm, mg, ms | kiloPascals [kPa] |
| m, kg, s | Pascals [Pa] |
| mm, t, s | megaPascals [MPa] |
| in,lbf, s | pounds/inch2 [lb/in2] |
Table 18.78: Stress and RS Stress
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Pascals [Pa] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dynes/centimeter2 [dyne/cm2] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton/second2 * millimeters [t/s2 * mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | megaPascals [MPa] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug/second2 * foot [(lbm/32.2)/s2 * ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch/second2 * inch [(lbm/386.4)/s2 * in] |
| mm, mg, ms | kiloPascals [kPa] |
| m, kg, s | Pascals [Pa] |
| mm, t, s | megaPascals [MPa] |
| in,lbf, s | pounds/inch2 [lb/in2] |
Table 18.79: Stress Intensity Factor
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Pascal * meter0.5 [Pa * m0.5] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne * centimeter–2 * centimeter0.5 [dyne * cm–2* cm0.5] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeter–1 * second–2 * millimeter0.5 [ton * mm–1 * s–2 * mm0.5] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | megaPascal * micrometer0.5 [MPa * μm0.5] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | lbm_ft * feet–1 * second–2 * feet0.5 [lbm_ft * ft–1 * s–2 * ft0.5] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | lbm_inch * inch–1 * second–2 * inch0.5 [lbm_in * in–1 * s–2 * in0.5] |
Table 18.80: Thermal Capacitance
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Joules/degree Celsius [J/°C] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | ergs/degree Celsius [erg/°C] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliJoules/degree Celsius [mJ/°C] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoJoules/degree Celsius [pJ/°C] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | BTU/degree Fahrenheit [BTU/°F] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | BTU/degree Fahrenheit [BTU/°F] |
Table 18.81: Thermal Conductance - 3D Face and 2D Edge
|
For Thermal Conductance on 3D Faces and 2D Edges, the units are the same as those for Film Coefficient. |
Table 18.82: Thermal Conductance - 3D Edges and Vertices
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Watts/degree Celsius [W/°C] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne * centimeter/second * degree Celsius [dyne * cm/s * °C] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeter2/second3 * degree Celsius [t * mm2/s3 * °C] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | picoWatts/degree Celsius [pW/°C] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slug * feet2/second3 * degree Fahrenheit [slug * ft2/s3 * °F] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinch * inch2/second3 * degree Fahrenheit [slinch * in2/s3 * °F] |
Table 18.83: Thermal Expansion
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | 1/degree Celsius [1/°C] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | 1/degree Celsius [1/°C] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | 1/degree Celsius [1/°C] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | 1/degree Celsius [1/°C] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | 1/degree Fahrenheit [1/°F] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | 1/degree Fahrenheit [1/°F] |
| mm, mg, ms | microJoules/degree Kelvin [μJ/°K] |
| m, kg, s | 1/degree Kelvin [1/°K] |
| mm, t, s | 1/degree Kelvin [1/°K] |
| in,lbf, s | 1/degree Fahrenheit [1/°F] |
Table 18.84: Temperature
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | degrees Celsius [°C] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | degrees Celsius [°C] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | degrees Celsius [°C] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | degrees Celsius [°C] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | degrees Fahrenheit [°F] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | degrees Fahrenheit [°F] |
| mm, mg, ms | degrees Kelvin [°K] |
| m, kg, s | degrees Kelvin [°K] |
| mm, t, s | degrees Kelvin [°K] |
| in,lbf, s | degrees Fahrenheit [°F] |
Table 18.85: Temperature Difference
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | degrees Celsius [°C] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | degrees Celsius [°C] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | degrees Celsius [°C] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | degrees Celsius [°C] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | degrees Fahrenheit [oF] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | degrees Fahrenheit [°F] |
| mm, mg, ms | degrees Kelvin [°K] |
Table 18.86: Temperature Gradient
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | degrees Celsius/meter [°C/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | degrees Celsius/centimeter [°C/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | degrees Celsius/millimeter [°C/mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | degrees Celsius/micrometer [°C/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | degrees Fahrenheit/foot [°F/ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | degrees Fahrenheit/inch [°F/in] |
| mm, mg, ms | degrees Kelvin/millimeter [°K/mm] |
Table 18.87: Time
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | seconds [s] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | seconds [s] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | seconds [s] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | seconds [s] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | seconds [s] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | seconds [s] |
| mm, mg, ms | milliseconds [ms] |
| m, kg, s | seconds [s] |
| mm, t, s | seconds [s] |
| in,lbf, s | seconds [s] |
Table 18.88: Translational Damping
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Newton * seconds/meter [N * s/m] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | dyne * seconds/centimeter [dyne * s/cm] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | ton * millimeter * seconds/second2 * millimeter [t * mm * s/s2 * mm] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | microNewton * seconds/micrometer [μN * s/μm] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | slugfoot * seconds/second2 * foot [(lbm/32.2)ft * s/s2 * ft] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | slinchinch * seconds/second2 * inch [(lbm/386.4)in * s/s2 * in] |
Table 18.89: Velocity and RS Velocity
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meters/second [m/s] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeters/second [cm/s] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeters/second [mm/s] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometers/second [μm/s] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet/second [ft/s] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches/second [in/s] |
| mm, mg, ms | meters/second [m/s] or millimeters/millisecond [mm/ms] |
| m, kg, s | meters/second [m/s] |
| mm, t, s | millimeters/second [mm/s] |
| in,lbf, s | inches/second [in/s] |
Table 18.90: Voltage
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | Volts [V] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | Volts [V] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | milliVolts [mV] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | Volts [V] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | Volts [V] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | Volts [V] |
Table 18.91: Volume
| Unit System | Measured in . . . |
|---|---|
| m, kg, N, oC, s, V,
A (mks) | meters3 [m3] |
| cm, g, dyne, oC, s, V,
A (cgs) | centimeters3 [cm3] |
| mm, kg, N, oC, s, mV,
mA (nmm) | millimeters3 [mm3] |
| μm, kg, μN, oC, s, V,
mA (μmks) | micrometers3 [μm3] |
| ft, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bft) | feet3 [ft3] |
| in, lbm, lbf, oF, s, V,
A (Bin) | inches3 [in3] |
| mm, mg, ms | millimeters3 [mm3] |
| m, kg, s | meters3 [m3] |
| mm, t, s | millimeters3 [mm3] |
| in,lbf, s | inches3 [in3] |