Expand/Collapse all
1. Introduction
1.1. Granular-fluid systems
1.2. Why is it so complicated to model these systems?
1.3. Why not just CFD?
1.3.1. The Eulerian approach
1.3.2. The Lagrangian approach
1.4. Why couple DEM and CFD together?
1.5. What are the available DEM-CFD coupling modes?
2. Governing equations
2.1. Particle phase modeling
2.1.1. Translational and rotational motion of a particle
2.1.2. Energy balance in a particle
2.2. Fluids modeling
2.2.1. Multiphase coupling
2.2.1.1. Mass and momentum conservation equations
2.2.1.2. Energy conservation equation
2.2.2. Single-phase coupling
2.2.2.1. Porous conservation equations
2.2.2.2. Porous coupled simulation
3. Particle-fluid interaction forces
3.1. Pressure gradient force
3.2. Drag force
3.2.1. Dilute flow drag laws
3.2.1.1. Schiller & Naumann (1933)
3.2.1.2. DallaValle (1948)
3.2.1.3. Morsi and Alexander (1972)
3.2.1.4. Haider & Levenspiel (1989)
3.2.1.5. Ganser (1993)
3.2.2. Fiber drag laws
3.2.2.1. Marheineke & Wegener (2011)
3.2.3. Dense flow drag laws
3.2.3.1. Wen & Yu (1966)
3.2.3.2. Ergun (1952)
3.2.3.3. Gidaspow, Bezburuah & Ding (1992)
3.2.3.4. Huilin & Gidaspow (2003)
3.2.3.5. Di Felice (1994)
3.2.3.6. Parameterized Syamlal AMP O'Brien
3.2.3.7. Hill-Koch (2001)
3.2.3.8. Hill-Koch-Ladd (2006)
3.2.3.9. Comparison of dense flow drag laws
3.3. Virtual mass force
3.3.1. Virtual mass models
3.3.1.1. Constant value
3.3.1.2. Ishii & Mishima (1984)
3.3.1.3. Paladino (2005)
3.4. Lift force
3.4.1. Lift laws
3.4.1.1. Saffman (1968)
3.4.1.2. Mei (1992)
3.5. Fluid-generated torque
3.5.1. Torque laws
3.5.1.1. Dennis, Singh & Ingham (1980)
3.6. Turbulent dispersion force
3.6.1. Turbulent dispersion model
3.6.1.1. Eddy fluctuating velocity
3.6.1.2. Eddy lifetime
3.6.1.3. Particle-eddy interaction time
4. Heat transfer
4.1. Heat transfer between fluid and particle
4.1.1. Fluid-particle heat transfer correlations
4.1.1.1. Ranz and Marshall (1952)
4.1.1.2. Whitaker (1972)
4.1.1.3. Gunn (1978)
4.1.2. Comparison of heat transfer correlations
5. Coarse Grain Model
5.1. Momentum transfer using CGM
5.1.1. Pressure gradient force for CGM
5.1.2. Drag force for CGM
5.1.3. Turbulence dispersion force for CGM
5.1.4. Virtual (added) mass force for CGM
5.1.5. Lift force for CGM
5.1.6. Fluid added torque for CGM
5.2. Heat transfer using CGM
6. Computational details
6.1. Fluid phase calculation
6.2. Source terms linearization
6.2.1. Momentum terms
6.2.2. Heat transfer terms
6.3. Lagrangian to Eulerian mapping
6.3.1. Uniform distribution L-E mapping
6.3.1.1. Known issues
6.3.2. Volumetric diffusion L-E mapping
6.3.2.1. Formulation
6.3.2.2. Operation
6.3.2.3. Mapping other physical quantities
6.3.2.4. Selection of fluid cell zones
6.3.2.5. Mapping across sliding interfaces
6.4. Two-way coupling algorithm
6.5. Sub-stepping algorithm
7. 1-Way Fluent coupling
7.1. Mesh generation
7.2. Simulation setup
7.2.1. Pressure contributions
7.2.2. Thermal contributions
7.3. 1-way coupling limitations
8. 2-way Fluent coupling
8.1. General information
8.2. Mesh generation
8.3. CFD simulation setup
8.3.1. Multiphase model
8.3.2. Single fluid phase
8.3.3. Numerics
8.3.4. Solution data export
8.3.5. Third-party User-Defined Functions (UDFs)
8.3.6. Particle phase User-Defined Memories (UDMs)
8.4. 2-way coupling limitations
9. 2-way Fluent semi-resolved coupling
9.1. Technical aspects of the semi-resolved method
9.1.1. Grid
9.1.2. Boundary Conditions
9.2. Usage guidelines: Unresolved vs. Semi-Resolved
Bibliography