3.2.4. Additional Considerations for Robust Contact between Particle Bodies and Lagrange Bodies

To ensure there are no missed contacts between particle bodies and Lagrange and shell bodies, the distribution of particles created as a result of a Particle Mesh Method needs to be inspected for initial penetrations into neighboring Lagrange or shell bodies. Particles that are initially penetrated may miss contact with neighboring bodies throughout the simulation. For example, this may be particularly evident when using particles to model liquids inside curved Lagrangian or shell containers. If the mesh is not sufficiently fine on the container, the mesh may be such that particles are generated that reside outside the meshed container. When inspecting for initially penetrated particles with neighboring shell bodies, the shell thickness must be taken into consideration.