Breakup kernels are often expressed as a function of the breakup fraction:
 | (5–161) |
CFX-Solver supports the following breakup models:
Luo and Svendsen [61] developed a theoretical model for the breakup of drops and bubbles in turbulent suspensions. The model is based on the theory of isotropic turbulence and probability. The breakup kernel is modeled as:
 | (5–162) |
where:
 | (5–163) |
is the dimensionless size of eddies
in the inertial subrange of isotropic turbulence. The lower limit
of the integration is given by:
 | (5–164) |
where
 | (5–165) |
and 
is the minimum eddy ratio and
can have a value between 11.4 and 31.4 (defaults to 11.4).
In addition, 
is a calibration coefficient, 
, 
is the continuous-phase eddy dissipation rate, 
is the continuous-phase kinematic viscosity, and 
is
the surface tension coefficient.
