17.2.8. Orthotropic Material

Reinforcement cords can be defined for 3D models as well as for shell models (see Orthotropic Materials), in the latter case, the recommended initial configuration should involve a flat sheet.

For both 3D and shell models, the matrix is assumed to behave as a Newtonian or generalised Newtonian fluid model. Hence the definition of a reinforcement is accessible via the menu of viscosity for a Newtonian fluid model. For a single reinforcement, the user has to specify its orientation and its magnitude. From the data given, the solver is able to evaluate the contribution of the reinforcement to the stresses.

For 3D models, depending on the amplitude of deformation, it is possible to enable or disable the update of the orientation of reinforcements. For shell models, the deformations are usually expected to be large, and the orientation of reinforcements will always be updated, in order to guarantee that the reinforcements remain within the shell.