The Info tab is one of several tabs that appear on the Data Editors panel when a simulation entity is selected in the Data panel. Though purely informational, the Info tab does show some data about the selected entity that could be useful when setting up or analyzing your simulation.

For example, the Info tab can display domain properties, such as the topology and geometry coordinate limits, that provide context as to how the Property simulation data was recorded. These properties are displayed on the Info tab for simulation entities including conveyors (Figure 1) and imported geometries, the main Particles entity, 1-Way LBM, 1-Way Fluent, and individual User Processes.

Figure 2.5: Info tab showing results for a Feed Conveyor

 

2.3.1.3.2.1.1. About the Info Tab for Modules

The Info tab on individual Modules (see also About Modules Parameters) describes the Author and Version details for the Module, and lists what other entities in the Rocky UI are affected by enabling that particular Module. For example, the Info tab for the Liquid Bridge Model Module (Figure 2) describes three places in the Rocky UI affected by that module.

Figure 2.6: Info tab for the Liquid Bridge Model Module

Note: In this version of Rocky, the Liquid Bridge Model Module is provided as an external module. Refer to the Install an External Module topic for details.

This information can help you verify that the parameters in those locations are set correctly for the feature enabled by the module.

 

2.3.1.3.2.1.2. About the Info Tab for Individual Particle Sets

When an individual Particle set is selected under the main Particles entity, the Info tab shows useful information about the largest particle in the selected particle set, but also contains additional functionality unique to that tab (Figure 3).

Figure 2.7: Info tab showing results for an individual Particle set

For example, you can change the units by clicking a unit and selecting a new type from the list that appears. You can also use the Custom Size (Custom Diameter or Custom Scale Factor) checkbox to experiment with different particle sizes and how they affect the properties displayed on the Info tab without having to switch back to the Size tab. Note: This functionality is explained in more detail in the About Adding and Editing Particle Sets topic.

 

2.3.1.3.2.1.2.1. About the Max Admissible Overlap Value (for Custom Concave Particles)

The Max Admissible Overlap value is provided only for custom (imported) concave particles. Its purpose is to display the maximum percentage of concave overlap that will be allowed during the simulation.

As a comparison, for a sphere and a boundary collision, the maximum overlap allowed is 50%— above that the sphere center would be on the other side of the boundary and the particle would cross it. For concave particles, the maximum admissible overlap depends on the shape. Ideally, the maximum admissible overlap should not be too low, or you will have to compensate for that by using a larger Young's modulus for stability.

Tip: If you have imported a concave particle with values too small for the maximum overlap allowed, consider modifying the STL shape to result in higher values. This might help you avoid numerical issues.

Use the following information to help you better understand this value and how best to use it:

• What is this value used for? It is a reference that can help you prevent excessive overlaps that can cause numerical instabilities for the concave particle shape used in the simulation. The smaller the maximum admissible overlap, the smaller are the overlap values that are tolerated during the simulation.

• How is this value calculated? It is computed based upon the minimum distance from the particle's triangle centers to other triangles of the particle in the direction perpendicular to the triangle's plane. So the max admissible overlap is a function of the particle shape. Sharp edges will result in lower maximum admissible overlaps to guarantee the solver's stability.

• How does this value relate to the STL file I imported? This is not a quality criteria for the STL file itself; rather, it is related to the particle shape. If the shape has more rounded or sharp edges, it will be reflected on the max admissible overlap value. So more (or fewer) overlaps will be admitted to ensure the stability of the simulations.

 

2.3.1.3.2.1.3. About the Info Tab for Input Entities

For Inputs (Figure 4), the Info tab displays the simulation particle count in different ways depending upon the particle size distribution that was specified:

• For Particle sets made up of only one size (no size distribution), the Info tab shows the exact number of particles that will be released into the simulation.

• For Particle sets with a size distribution, the Info tab provides an estimate of the number of particles that could be released into the simulation.

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Note:   For Volume Fill specifically, the estimate assumes there are no boundary limits to consider, and assumes a Gap Scale Factor equal to 1. This means that if you have set your particle Mass higher than the box and gap you define can contain, the particle estimate on the Info tab will show a higher number than what will actually be injected.

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Figure 2.8: Info tab showing results for an individual Particle Input

For Particle sets with size ranges specified, viewing the Simulation Summary after processing has begun is still the only place to get an exact particle count; however, if a particle count estimate is sufficient, the particle count on the Input entity's Info tab can be viewed at any time during project setup. (See also About the Simulation Summary.)

The Coloring tab, located on the Data Editors panel when a simulation entity is selected in the Data panel, helps you change the colors and data attributes of your selected entity.

The options displayed on the tab are dependent upon which type of window you select. If a 3D Plot window is selected, the Coloring tab shows options that enable you to change the appearance of the entity you have selected in the Data panel (Figure 1). Those changes will be visible in the 3D View.

Figure 2.9: Coloring tab for Particles when a 3D View window is selected

If a plot or histogram window is selected, the Coloring tab shows the data sets that are already calculated and ready to display in the window (Figure 2). The active data sets are indicated with an "open" eye icon. (See also Show/Hide Components by Using Eye Icons and Checkboxes.) Unlike when a 3D View window is selected, the data on the Coloring tab when a plot or histogram window is selected is not dependent upon what is selected in the Data panel.

Figure 2.10: Coloring tab when a plot or histogram window is selected

If a Motion Preview window is selected, the Coloring tab shows options related to the axes of the Frame that is selected in the Data panel.

Figure 2.11: Coloring tab when a Motion Frame is selected in the Data panel AND a Motion Preview window is selected

If a Particles Details window is selected, the Coloring tab shows options that will enable you to change the appearance of the particle shape you have selected to display. You can also adjust the transparency settings, allowing you to finely tune the opacity of the particle and achive the desired level of transparency (Figure 4).

Figure 2.12: Coloring tab when a Particles Details window is selected

See Also:

See the table below for information about the Simulation Log panel functionality.

Table 1: Simulation Log panel functionality

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For shapes like Cubes and Cylinders (Figure 1), the colors of the handles are defined in Table 1.

Table 1: Handle color definitions for shapes

For planes (Figure 2), the directional handles are colored according to the Font Color specified for the 3D View (see also About Using the Window Editors panel to Change the Selected 3D View). The shapes of these colored handles are defined in Table 2.

Table 2: Handle shape definitions for planes

Within the 3D View window, you can click and drag these handles to the new location you want.

Or, for more precise control, you can enter exact values in the Data Editors panel.

See Also:

Inside the file, information is arranged similarly to the figures shown in this section. Some key areas are enumerated and explained below.

In Figure 2 (shown below), you can see the following:

Figure 2.33: Example simulation log file showing project information

Next, you will see everything that is related to the project setup including the physical models enabled, particle groups defined, materials, boundary limits, solver options, coupling mode, motion frames, and more (Figure 3).

Figure 2.34: Setup information shown in an example simulation log file

After that, the file shows a structure (Figures 4 and 5) that repeats for each output time and contains the following details:

Figure 2.35: Example simulation log file showing project data per output time

Figure 2.36: Example simulation log file showing contacts data per output time

 

2.3.2.17.1.1.1. GPU-specific information

Finally, we have some additional information for simulations with GPU usage. Figures 6-8 show an example of a simulation log file for a project processed with 3 GPUs. The data shown includes the following:

• GPUs IDs

  Figure 2.37: GPUs IDs shown in the simulation log file

  

  
  

• GPU load balance with the time spent in each process and the split factor.

  Tip: The slipt factor indicates the memory consumption of the GPU in relation to the total memory consumption (from all GPUs). In this example, as we have 3 GPUs, the ideal is to have a split factor close to 0.333.

  Figure 2.38: GPU load balance status shown in the simulation log file

  

  
  

• Memory consumed in each device

Figure 2.39: GPU memory status shown in the simulation log file

• N. Halo SPH Elements/Halo Particles: In multi-GPU runs, halo particles/elements are those that are located in the overlapping devices domain regions and therefore are present simultaneously in two GPU devices. For the halo particles/elements, both devices compute the collision forces, but only one of the devices accumulates these data in order to perform velocity and displacement calculations.

  Figure 2.40: N. Halo SPH Elements and N. Enabled Coupled SPH Elements

  

  
  

• Problem Partitioning Status: This parameter represents the number of SPH Elements or particles coupled in the simulation.

  Figure 2.41: Problem Partitioning Status in a DEM-only simulation

  

  
  

• N. Enabled Coupled SPH Elements: It is the number of SPH elements figured inside the particles for the purpose of interacting with external SPH elements in an SPH-DEM interaction simulation. This parameter will only be computed in simulations with SPH and DEM, otherwise it will appear as zero.

  Figure 2.42: Problem Partitioning Status in a SPH-only simulation

  

  
  

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Note:  If you processed your simulation without GPU usage, your simulation log file will not show this data. You can see how many GPUs were used by looking at the section marked "3" in Figure 1. (In that simulation example, "Use GPU: 0" means that the project was processed without GPU usage.)

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If you want to analyze this type of information in your simulation, you must first enable its collection via its module prior to processing your simulation.

Because collecting collisions statistics can take more processing time, memory, and disk storage due to increased file sizes, Rocky enables you to select from one or more sub-categories of statistics to collect. These are made available through the Boundary Collisions Statistic Module (Figure 1).

Figure 2.44: Options in the Data Editors panel when the Boundary Collision Statistics Module is enabled

Tip: To maximize your processing capabilities, choose only the statistics that you require for your analyses.

During processing, Rocky collects the selected collision statistics between two consecutive output time levels for all boundaries in your project.

Tip: To view walk-through examples of collecting and analyzing boundary collisions statistics, refer to the following Tutorials:

Once the collisions data is collected (post-processing), specific collisions-related Properties (Figure 2) and Curves (Figure 3) will be available for the geometry or conveyor you select. (See also About Properties and About Curves.) The specific Properties and Curves available depends upon which statistics you enabled prior to processing.

Figure 2.45: Boundary Collision Properties available for geometries after processing

Tip: These properties will be categorized as Statistical in the Evaluation column. (See also About Viewing an Individual Statistic.)

Figure 2.46: Boundary Collision Curves available for geometries after processing

You can then choose to analyze the resulting Properties or Curves in a plot or histogram window. (See also Graphing (Plot or Histogram) a Data Set Within Rocky)

Or, you can then choose to display the Properties information graphically on the surface of your boundaries in a 3D View window. This can be useful, for example, for showing a color map of surface intensity (Figure 3). (See also View a Color Map of Wear on the Default Belt or Imported Geometry Itself.)

Figure 2.47: Color map of surface intensity

By using the Properties tab for the geometry, the options on the Coloring tab, and/or by using the slider on the Time toolbar (see also About the Time Toolbar), you can change how the data appears in the window. Tip: You may also limit your data further by using Time Statistics Properties. (See also About Adding and Editing Time Statistics Properties.)

Tip: Learn more by referring to the "Collision statistics" section in the DEM Technical Manual. (From the Rocky Help menu, point to Manuals, and then click DEM Technical Manual.)

Use Figure 1 above and the table below to understand how to collect collision statistics for your boundaries.

Table 1: Modules, Boundary Collision Statistics parameter definitions

What would you like to do next?

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Because collecting collisions statistics can take more processing time, memory, and disk storage due to increased file sizes, Rocky enables you to select from one or more sub-categories of statistics to collect. These are made available through the Inter-group Collision Statistics Module (Figure 1).

Figure 2.48: Options in the Data Editors panel when the Inter-group Collision Statistics Module is enabled

In addition, only particles and geometries belonging to particle groups and geometry components that have been enabled for Inter-group Collision Statistics collection will be recorded (Figures 2 and 3).

Figure 2.49: Additional module options for Particle groups when the Inter-group Collision Statistics module is enabled

Figure 2.50: Additional module options for a geometry component when the Inter-group Collision Statistics module is enabled

During processing, Rocky collects the selected collision statistics between two consecutive output time levels for each participating particle-particle and particle-boundary pair.

Once the collisions data is collected (post-processing), specific collisions-related Curves (Figure 2) will be available for the main Particles entity. (See also About Curves.)

Figure 2.51: Curves for Particles (simulation-wide) when Inter-group Collision Statistics are enabled

You can then choose to analyze the resulting Curves in a time or cross plot window. (See also Graphing (Plot or Histogram) a Data Set Within Rocky.)

Use Figure 1 above and the table below to understand how to collect Inter-group Collision Statistics.

Table 1: Modules, Inter-group Collision Statistics parameter definitions

What would you like to do next?

See Also:

Because collecting collisions statistics can take more processing time, memory, and disk storage due to increased file sizes, Rocky enables you to select from one or more sub-categories of statistics to collect. These are made available through the Intra-particle Collision Statistics Module (Figure 1).

Figure 2.52: Options in the Data Editors panel when the Intra-particle Collision Statistics Module is enabled

During processing, Rocky collects the selected collision statistics between two consecutive output time levels for all applicable particle sets in your project.

Tip: To see a walk-through example of collecting and analyzing Intra-particle collisions statistics, refer to Tutorial - Tablet Coater in the Rocky Tutorial Guide.

This feature works only with Particle sets that have the following characteristics:

(See also About Adding and Editing Particle Sets.)

If you choose to enable Intra-particle Collision Statistics, then you must have at least one Particle set in your simulation that meets the above criteria. Otherwise, Rocky will not process the simulation, and you might see the following error:

Figure 2.53: Rocky error shown if no particle sets in the simulation support Intra-particle Collisions Statistics

If you see this error after attempting to process your simulation, either disable Intra-particle Collision Statistics, or add a particle set that supports this type of collection.

Once the collisions data is collected (post-processing), specific collisions-related Properties (Figure 3) will be available for the supported particle set you select. (See also About Properties.) The specific Properties available depends upon which statistics you enabled prior to processing.

Figure 2.54: Particles Details window showing Stress Normal collision statistics for a particle set

You can then choose to display the collisions data graphically on the surface of a representative particle in the Particles Details window (Figure 3).

By using the slider on the Time toolbar (see also About the Time Toolbar), you can see how the data changes at different points in time.

In the collision statistics visualization, a value displayed at a given vertex is representative of all collisions in the region of influence of the vertex that occurred in all enabled particles of the particle set being analyzed, during the time lapse between two output time levels. This means that data displayed at time is the result of the statistics of the collision that happened between time and , where is the output period.

As usual in these type of representations, values displayed at other, non-vertex points of the particle are obtained by interpolation of available values from the surrounding vertices.

In order to get a statistical value per particle, the collision statistics that happened during that output is divided by the number of enabled particles at the time when the statistics are displayed. Therefore, it is important that these statistics should be used only when you have reached a point during the simulation where the number of particles during that output is nearly constant.

Otherwise, for example, suppose you have 100 particles from the beginning of the output period to the middle of it, and at the last time step of the output period, you have only 1 particle. The statistics of all 100 particles that were there will be divided by 1 (the number of particles at the final time step of that output period), giving values much higher than expected.

Conversely, if you get these statistics at the beginning of your simulation and particles are entering, for example, you may have 0 particles at the beginning of the first output period and 1000 particles at the end. In this case, the collision statistics will be divided by 100 and will give values much smaller than expected.

Use Figure 1 above and the table below to understand how to collect Intra-particle Collisions Statistics.

Table 1: Modules, Intra-particle Collisions Statistics parameter definitions

What would you like to do next?

Because collecting collisions statistics can take more processing time, memory, and disk storage due to increased file sizes, Rocky enables you to select from one or more sub-categories of statistics to collect. These are made available through the Inter-particle Collision Statistics Module (Figure 1).

Figure 2.55: Options in the Data Editors panel when the Inter-particle Collision Statistics Module is enabled

During processing, Rocky collects the selected collision statistics between two consecutive output time levels for all particles in your project.

Once the collisions data is collected (post-processing), specific collisions-related Properties (Figure 2) will be available for the main Particles entity. (See also About Properties.) The specific Properties available depends upon which statistics you enabled prior to processing.

Figure 2.56: Properties available for the main Particles entity when Inter-particle Collision Statistics is enabled

You can then choose to analyze the resulting Properties in a plot or histogram window. (See also Graphing (Plot or Histogram) a Data Set Within Rocky.)

Or, you can choose to display the Properties information in a 3D View window. (See also About 3D View Windows.)

By using the Properties tab for the main Particles entity, the options on the Coloring tab, and/or by using the slider on the Time toolbar (see also About the Time Toolbar), you can change how the data appears in the window.

Use Figure 1 above and the table below to understand how to collect Inter-particle Collision Statistics.

Table 1: Modules, Inter-particle Collision Statistics parameter definitions

What would you like to do next?

Because collecting statistics can take more processing time, memory, and disk storage due to increased file sizes, Rocky enables you to select from one or more sub-categories of statistics to collect. These are made available through the CFD Coupling Particle Statistics Module (Figure 1).

Figure 2.57: Options in the Data Editors panel when the CFD Coupling Particle Statistics Module is enabled

During processing, Rocky collects the selected fluid-related statistics between two consecutive output time levels for all particles in your project.

Once the data is collected (post-processing), specific fluid-related Properties (Figure 2) will be available for the main Particles entity. (See also About Properties.) The specific Properties available depend upon which statistics you enabled prior to processing.

  Figure 2: Properties available for the main Particles entity when CFD Coupling Particle Statistics is enabled

You can then choose to analyze the resulting Properties in a plot or histogram window. (See also Graphing (Plot or Histogram) a Data Set Within Rocky.)

Or, you can choose to display the Properties information in a 3D View window. (See also About 3D View Windows.)

By using the Properties tab for the main Particles entity, the options on the Coloring tab, and/or by using the slider on the Time toolbar (see also About the Time Toolbar), you can change how the data appears in the window.

Use Figure 1 above and the table below to understand how to collect Fluid-Related Statistics for Particles.

Table 1: Modules, CFD Coupling Particle Statistics parameter definitions

What would you like to do next?

You choose to collect these kind of particle energies by enabling the Particle Instantaneous Energies Module (Figure 1).

Figure 2.58: There are no options in the Data Editors panel when the Particle Instantaneous Energies Module is enabled

During processing, Rocky collects particle energies data for each particle based upon its translational/rotational velocity and position in space.

Once the energies data is collected (post-processing), specific energy-related Properties (Figure 2) and Curves (Figure 3) will be available for the main Particles entity. (See also About Properties and About Curves.)

Figure 2.59: Properties for Particles (simulation-wide) when Particle Instantaneous Energies is enabled

These Properties are based on the following energies calculations:

Figure 2.60: Curves for Particles (simulation-wide) when Particle Instantaneous Energies is enabled

The Energy Delta Curve represents a variation (delta) in total energy of the particles recorded during an interval between two consecutive output times.

You can choose to visualize the resulting Properties and Curves in a 3D View window (Figure 3), or analyze the results in a time or other plot window. (See also Graphing (Plot or Histogram) a Data Set Within Rocky.)

Figure 2.61: Energy : Potential property for Particles shown in a 3D View window

What would you like to do next?

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For contact-based analysis, the energy statistics of particle collisions are collected per collision; i.e., every separate particle-to-particle or particle-to-geometry impact will have its resulting energy collision stored. Each statistics pair-which is composed of either two Particle sets or one Particle set and one Geometry-will present a separate Energy Spectra curve. In this version of Rocky, only particles and geometries belonging to particle groups and geometry components that have been enabled for energy spectra collection will be recorded (Figures 2 and 3).

Figure 2.63: Additional module options for Particle groups when the Contacts Energy Spectra module is enabled

Figure 2.64: Additional module options for a geometry component when the Contacts Energy Spectra module is enabled

These curves are based upon three different types of collision energy, each of which can be useful for different types of analyses: Dissipation Energy, Impact Energy, and Shear Energy.

Because collecting statistics can take more processing time, memory, and disk storage due to increased file sizes, Rocky enables you to select which of these three collision energies you want to collect, and enables you to choose which particle groups and geometry components will participate in energy spectra collection.

It is important to realize that data is only collected after both the Start Time and Time Delay After Release values are reached. Data begins being collected at the Start Time but only for the particles that were released before the Time Delay After Release value. This is to allow enough time for the particle flow within your simulation to reach a steady state before the energy spectra calculations begin.

For example, if the Start Time is 5s, and the Time Delay After Release is 3s, a particle entering the simulation at 4s will only be accounted for after 7s of simulation time.

One common application of this type of analysis is for comminution devices like SAG mills (Figure 4), which use steel balls or other kinds of grinding media to help break rock or ore material into smaller fragments.

Figure 2.65: SAG Mill Simulated with both Grinding Media (Steel Balls) and Ore (Rock)

Although mills have great energy consumption, only a small part of this energy is converted into actual particle fragmentation. This inefficiency is mainly due to the fact that not all impacts lead to breakage. Impacts of low energy will not cause breakage, while excessive intensity impacts apply only part of the total energy to the breakage process. The rest of this energy is lost.

Therefore, it is important to understand how power is consumed during comminution processes in order to improve grinding efficiency. The Contact-based analysis is especially useful when combined with the Cumulative Power analysis for a comminution process because you can get an estimate of how collision energy is distributed amongst contacts.

In this way, by comparing contacts energy spectra per material pair for different equipment designs, higher collision energies involving the material to be broken (rock-rock, rock-ball, or rock-wall, for example) might lead to higher particle breakage. On the other hand, collision energies involving only the equipment or grinding materials (ball-ball or ball-wall, for example) could be considered wasted by not leading to particle breakage, and should be minimized through improved designs.

Contacts Energy Spectra curves can be displayed by Power, Cumulative Power (Figure 5), and Rate.

Figure 2.66: Examples of Contacts Impact Energy Spectra curves for various particle-to-particle and particle-to-geometry contact pairs

If prior to processing your simulation, you enabled Contacts Energy Spectra to be collected, then while the simulation is processing, Rocky calculates the selected energy curves (Dissipation, Impact, and/or Shear) for each pair of particle-to-particle or particle-to-geometry contact types, each generated by the power, cumulative power, and collisions rate (Figure 6).

Figure 2.67: Curves tab for Particles showing three sections for Energy

You can then create a Cross plot of the Curves you are interested in analyzing (Figure 7).

Figure 2.68: Example cross plot of Contacts Energy Spectra showing both Cumulative Power and Power, for impact collisions between particles and geometries

When opening projects that were created and processed in versions of Rocky prior to 2022 R1, Rocky will still read the energy spectra data in those projects and will display the energy spectra Curves as usual.

However, if you want to modify and then re-process an older energy spectra simulation in 2022 R1 or later versions, you will need to enable the energy spectra modules and define the type of collection parameters you want prior to processing the simulation.

The same is true for projects that you have created but not processed in older versions of Rocky; you must enable and define the energy spectra modules manually before processing your simulation.

Use Figures 1-3 above and the tables below to understand how to collect contact-based energy statistics.

Table 1: Modules, Contacts Energy Spectra parameter definitions

Table 2: Individual Geometry, Modules sub-tab parameter definitions

Table 3: Individual Particle Group, Modules sub-tab parameter definitions

What would you like to do?

See Also

For particle-based analysis, relevant energy values associated to the collisions experienced by each individual particle collected during the simulation. In this version of Rocky, only particles belonging to particle groups that have been enabled for energy spectra collection will be recorded (Figure 2).

Figure 2.70: Additional module options for Particle groups when the Particles Energy Spectra module is enabled

Rocky then classifies and accumulates the associated specific energy values (energy per particle mass) according to a predefined set of energy levels, and represents the resulting cumulative values as curves.

For Particles Energy Spectra analysis, each particle group and particle size category will present a separate Energy Spectra curve. These curves are based upon three different types of collision energy, each of which can be useful for different types of analyses:

Because collecting statistics can take more processing time, memory, and disk storage due to increased file sizes, Rocky enables you to select which of these three particles energies you want to collect, and enables you to choose which particle groups will participate in energy spectra collection.

It is important to realize that data is only collected after both the Start Time and Time Delay After Release values are reached. Data begins being collected at the Start Time but only for the particles that were released before the Time Delay After Release value. This is to allow enough time for the particle flow within your simulation to reach a steady state before the energy spectra calculations begin.

For example, if the Start Time is 5s, and the Time Delay After Release is 3s, a particle entering the simulation at 4s will only be accounted for after 7s of simulation time.

One common application of this type of analysis is for comminution devices like SAG mills (Figure 3), which use steel balls or other kinds of grinding media to help break rock or ore material into smaller fragments.

Figure 2.71: SAG Mill Simulated with both Grinding Media (Steel Balls) and Ore (Rock)

By looking at energy levels applied to particles, for instance, you can predict breakage rates.

Figure 2.72: Particles Energy Spectra curves related to Impact Energy

In the example shown in Figure 4 above, the Y-axis gives the Cumulative Specific Power : Impact values resulting from all collisions starting from the Start Time time you enter until the end of the simulated time (see also About Solver Parameters). The value of the Y-coordinate of a given point on the curve is obtained by dividing the cumulative specific energy by the time elapsed since the referred starting time. This value accounts for all collisions with a specific impact energy equal or higher than the specific energy given by its X-coordinate.

This kind of energy spectra curve is useful for the reason that all collisions with specific impact energy higher than a known threshold value may lead to particle breakage, while the remaining collisions will not, as shown in Figure 5 below. Therefore, the cumulative specific power available for breakage in that case will be given by the Y-coordinate in the curve, corresponding to the breakage threshold value.

Figure 2.73: Particles Energy Spectra comparison

Tips:

If prior to processing your simulation, you enabled Particles Energy Spectra to be collected, then while the simulation is processing, Rocky calculates the selected Cumulative Specific Power curves (Dissipation, Impact, and/or Shear) for each particle set, generated by each size of the particle size distribution, and separated by Specific Energy. These curves are grouped under Specific Energy on the Curves tab (Figure 6).

Figure 2.74: Curves tab for Particles showing three sections for Specific Energy

Using these curves, you can then create a Cross plot, similar to the example below (Figure 7).

Figure 2.75: Example cross plot showing Specific Shear Energy Curves

When opening projects that were created and processed in versions of Rocky prior to 2022 R2, Rocky will still read the energy spectra data in those projects and will display the energy spectra Curves as usual.

However, if you want to modify and then re-process an older energy spectra simulation in 2022 R2 or later versions, you will need to enable the energy spectra modules and define the type of collection parameters you want prior to processing the simulation.

The same is true for projects that you have created but not processed in older versions of Rocky; you must enable and define the energy spectra modules manually before processing your simulation.

Use Figures 1-2 above and the tables below to understand how to collect particle-based energy statistics.

Table 1: Modules, Particles Energy Spectra parameter definitions

Table 2: Individual Particle Group, Modules sub-tab parameter definitions

What would you like to do?

See Also

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