As shown in the following figure, the model exhibits ¼ symmetry, so one quarter of the geometry is analyzed:

Figure 33.2: Flextensional Transducer Components

The quarter-symmetry model has 15 piezoelectric stacks (and 30 in the full model). The polarization direction is defined as the element’s x axis (aligned with the global X axis), and the element coordinate system x-axes alternate between each piezoelectric ceramic.

Water surrounds the transducer, as shown in the following figure:

Figure 33.3: Transducer Surrounded by Water

The acoustic waves are assumed to radiate outward freely.