This chapter provides theoretical background about the turbulence models available in Ansys Fluent. Information is presented in the following sections:

• 4.1. Underlying Principles of Turbulence Modeling
• 4.2. Spalart-Allmaras Model
• 4.3. Standard, RNG, and Realizable k-ε Models
• 4.4. Standard, BSL, and SST k-ω Models
• 4.5. Generalized k-ω  (GEKO) Model
• 4.6. k-kl-ω Transition Model
• 4.7. Transition SST Model
• 4.8. Intermittency Transition Model
• 4.9. Algebraic Transition Model
• 4.10. Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model (EARSM)
• 4.11. Reynolds Stress Model (RSM)
• 4.12. Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) Model
• 4.13. Detached Eddy Simulation (DES)
• 4.14. Shielded Detached Eddy Simulation (SDES)
• 4.15. Stress-Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES)
• 4.16. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Model
• 4.17. Embedded Large Eddy Simulation (ELES)
• 4.18. Near-Wall Treatments for Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows
• 4.19. Curvature Correction for the Spalart-Allmaras and Two-Equation Models
• 4.20. Corner Flow Correction
• 4.21. Production Limiters for Two-Equation Models
• 4.22. Turbulence Damping
• 4.23. Definition of Turbulence Scales