30.24.3. Calculation of the Generalized First Normal Stress Difference

In a viscometric flow, the first normal stress difference is defined as the difference between the stress component along the velocity vector and the stress component along the direction of the velocity gradient. In a general flow, such a definition does no long hold, and an approximation is evaluated as the difference between the stress component along the velocity vector (as evaluated in Calculation of the Stress Component Along the Velocity Direction) and the stress component along the estimated largest velocity gradient.