Skew

This calculates the maximum skewness of an element. The skewness is defined differently for volume and surface elements. In all cases it is normalized so that 1 is ideal and 0 is the worst possible.

  • For a hexahedral element, skewness is defined as the normalized worst angle between each of the 6 face normals and the vector defined by the centroid of the hexahedron and the center of the face.

    Figure 426: Skew for Hexahedra

    Skew for Hexahedra

  • For tri elements, skewness is defined as the ratio between the area of the element and the area of an equilateral triangle having the same circumcircle.

  • For quad elements, the skew is calculated by first connecting the midpoints of each side with the midpoint of the opposite side, and finding the angle α as shown in the Figure 427: Skew for Quad Elements (the smaller of the two angles will be used so that α<90 degrees). The result will be normalized by dividing α by 90 degrees.

    Figure 427: Skew for Quad Elements

    Skew for Quad Elements