You can control the order in which statements are executed in
your C program using control statements like if, if-else, and for loops. Control statements make decisions about what is to be executed
next in the program sequence.
An if statement is a type of conditional
control statement. The format of an if statement
is:
if (logical-expression)
{statements}
where logical-expression is the condition
to be tested, and statements are the lines
of code that are to be executed if the condition is met.
if-else statements are another type
of conditional control statement. The format of an if-else statement is:
if (logical-expression)
{statements}
else
{statements}
where logical-expression is the condition
to be tested, and the first set of statements are the lines of code that are to be executed if the condition is
met. If the condition is not met, then the statements following else are executed.
for loops are control statements that
are a basic looping construct in C. They are analogous to do loops in FORTRAN. The format of a for loop is
for (begin ; end ; increment)
{statements}
where begin is the expression that
is executed at the beginning of the loop; end is the logical expression that tests for loop termination; and increment is the expression that is executed at the
end of the loop iteration (usually incrementing a counter).