11.7. Plasticity

All stress-strain input should be in terms of true stress and true (or logarithmic) strain and result in all output as also true stress and true strain. For small-strain regions of response, true stress-strain and engineering stress-strain are approximately equal. If your stress-strain data is in the form of engineering stress and engineering strain you can convert:

  • strain from engineering strain to logarithmic strain using:

  • engineering stress to true stress using:


Note:  This stress conversion is only valid for incompressible materials.