The phasic and bulk momentum equations are first transformed to nonconservative form by combining with the phasic and bulk continuity equations. The phasic momentum equation then becomes:
(5–185) |
and the bulk momentum equation becomes:
(5–186) |
Equation 5–185 and Equation 5–186 are combined to eliminate the pressure gradient term, yielding:
(5–187) |
Several assumptions are now made:
With these approximations, Equation 5–187 simplifies to:
(5–189) |
In addition, it is assumed that the interphase momentum transfer is due only to drag and that the particles are spherical:
(5–190) |
which leads to the following closed relationship for the slip velocity:
(5–191) |
Note that, for rotating reference frames, the apparent accelerations are automatically included by taking the derivative of the absolute frame velocity rather than relative frame velocity on the right-hand-side.
The effect of in the bulk momentum equation is neglected in the current implementation.