The bottom of the flat steel ring is fixed in the X and Y directions.
Contact elements are used to define a rigid surface constraint between the nodes on the top surface of the hemispherical ring and a pilot node which is constrained in the X direction. A force is applied on the pilot node that is equivalent to a pressure of 4000 N/mm2.
The equivalent pressure is ramped during the first load step from 0 to 4000 N/mm2 and is kept constant at 4000 N/mm2 during the second load step. Wear is activated in the second load step.