The end-cap load is applied on the top end of the model, and the bottom end is fixed in all degrees of freedom:

Figure 56.5: Boundary Conditions on the Model

Internal pressure is applied:

Figure 56.6: Internal Pressure on the Model

Internal pressure and end-cap loads are cycled:

Figure 56.7: Internal Pressure and End-Cap Loading Cycles

After converting the 2D model to 3D, a bending load is applied on the 3D model. A rigid-to-flexible redundant contact pair was created in the 2D model for this purpose. A bending load of 0.4 degrees is applied on the pilot node of the contact pair in the 3D extruded model.

Figure 56.8: Bending Load on the 3D Model