A dynamic loudspeaker includes a speaker connected to a frame via a suspension system. The speaker has a cone and voice coils that are excited by a driver magnet. The suspension system includes the surround, which holds the cone centered, and the spider, which provides a restoring mechanism of the cone to the frame.

When designing a speaker, material selection (material properties), component thickness, and other parameters can be changed to alter performance characteristics over a frequency range. Ideally, constant performance is obtained in the operating frequency range (bass, midrange, and treble).

The movement of the structure (speaker) imparts energy into a fluid (air) and generates acoustic waves. The impedance of the fluid influences the structural behavior in turn. To properly characterize the acoustic response, a coupled structural-acoustic analysis is performed, wherein structural and acoustic equations are solved simultaneously.

The magnetic force characterization and the air inside the enclosure are ignored. Attention is focused on the acoustic response of the system.