14.2. Using the CIRCU125 Element

You can use the CIRCU125 element to model common and Zener diodes. Note the following:

  • At any diode state, the piece-wise linear characterization of the diode I-U curve corresponds to a Norton equivalent circuit with a dynamic resistance (i.e. inverse of the slope at the operating point) and a current generator (where the tangent of the I-U curve intersects the I-axis).

  • The element voltage drop, current, and Joule heat loss computed data provided in the element miscellaneous records may reflect some cancellation error if the voltage drop is much smaller than the nominal voltage level typical for the diode (especially ideal) open state.

    To obtain more accurate results, retrieve the reaction force data and recalculate the voltage according to the diode status and I-U curve.

  • The diode's power and status can be graphed in POST26.

  • When AUTOTS is turned ON, the program uses automatic time stepping, which is the default behavior. The time stepping is estimated according to the eigenvalues of the dynamic system. The element issues a signal to decrease step size when a state change is anticipated, similar to the gap closing of a contact element.

  • CIRCU125 elements are highly nonlinear. To obtain convergence, you may have to define convergence criteria instead of using the default values. Use CNVTOL,VOLT,,0.001,2,1.0E-6 if you need to change the convergence criteria.