4.26. Grayscale to Solid

This option enables clustering elements under user-defined part IDs according to a given grayscale image. Grayscale image files must be provided in an ASCII-based *.pgm format, which can be exported from any image processing software. The grayscale values assigned to each pixel of the image are assigned to a point cloud which is generated internally. Therefore, you must provide information about the size of the image. The generation of the point cloud starts at the bottom-left corner, assigned as the global (0,0,0) coordinate. Therefore, it might be necessary for you to assign simple transformations to the generated point cloud, hereinafter considered as the source mesh.

4.26.1. Main Mapping Command

ENVYO = GRAYSCALE-SOLID

4.26.2. Input and Output Meshes

SourceFile = STRING

Define the name and, if needed, the path of the source grayscale image file.

TargetFile = STRING

Define the name and, if needed, the path of the target file. This must be an LS-DYNA mesh.

MappingResult = STRING

Define the result file name. The mapping result is written to this newly generated file.

TransformedMeshFile = STRING

Define the name of the transformed mesh file. The transformation result is written to this newly generated file.

4.26.3. Transformation Options

Simple transformation options are available for this mapping option which include moving, scaling, and rotating the source mesh.

TRANSFORMATION = YES

NO

Turns the transformation option off or on.

WriteTransformedMesh = YES

NO

Activates the output of the transformed mesh file to control the accuracy of the applied transformation. Define a TransformedMeshFile as shown see below.

RotateSRC = DOUBLE;X

DOUBLE;Y

DOUBLE;Z

DOUBLE; DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE

Source mesh will be rotated about an angle (first value) in degrees about the defined axis. Predefined axis are X, Y, and Z. but a user-defined axis is also possible, separating three double values with space, following the semicolon (x y z).
MoveSRC = DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE Source mesh will be moved along the user-defined vector (x y z).
ScaleSRC = DOUBLESource mesh will be scaled about the origin using the defined scale factor.

4.26.4. Mapping Options

ALGORITHM = ClosestPoint The only available option is ClosestPoint. Values are mapped to the nearest node, integration point, or element center.
SORT = BUCKET Always use bucket sort for a significant speed up of the search algorithm.
REPEAT = YES Enable this option to ensure that all elements and integration points receive mapped data. When there is a significant difference in element sizes between the source and target meshes, the default bucket refinement may be insufficient to cover all points, sometimes by design. In such cases, this flag must be set to guarantee complete data coverage.
ImageSize = DOUBLExDOUBLE Define the size of the image. The first value designates the length, and the second value is the width of the image. Consider the unit system of your target mesh.

CalculateAdhesiveWetting = YES

NO

Calculates the adhesive wetting degree. The Envyo application evaluates the number of points found within a solid, hexahedral element which are within a certain gray-scale range, defined as ClusterID (see below). The number of points within the range is divided by the total number of points found, and the result is assigned to a history variable using the Y POS command.
Y POS = INT History variable position to which the calculated adhesive wetting degree is written in the *INITIAL_STRESS_SOLID output.
NumClusterIDs = INT Number of cluster IDs to be generated. This card must be followed by ClusterID# declarations of the following card.
ClusterID#i = INT INT INTDefine the respective gray scale range for each cluster ID in the target mesh. The first value represents the cluster ID, the second and third values define the lower and upper values of the gray scale range. In the context of adhesive wetting degree calculation, the part-ID is ignored, and values within the defined range are used for the adhesive wetting degree calculation, see example below.

Example 4.2:

ClusterID#1 = 3 0 40From all points found within a solid element, the number of those within the range of 0 - 40 are divided by the total number of points within the solid element to calculate the degree of adhesive wetting. The result is written to history variable Y POS in *INITIAL_STRESS_SOLID.