In a viscometric flow, the first normal stress difference is defined as the difference between the stress component along the
velocity vector and the stress component along the direction of the velocity
gradient. In a general flow, such a definition does no long hold, and an
approximation is evaluated as the difference between the stress component along the
velocity vector (as evaluated in Calculation of the Stress Component Along the Velocity Direction) and the stress component
along the estimated largest velocity gradient.