The Stage (Mixing-Plane) model circumferentially averages the fluxes in bands and transmits the average fluxes to the downstream component. Possible applications include axial turbines, compressors and pumps, as well as fans and torque converters. The model is useful for large pitch ratios and still takes a relatively short time to solve. The model is not suitable for applications with tight coupling of components and/or significant wake interaction effects and may not accurately predict loading.