Tubular element with uniform circular cross-section and constant wall thickness.

Forces on this element are calculated using Morison’s equation.

Open TUBE elements are considered to have open ends. The water surface inside the TUBE is at the same level as the surface outside. The transverse added mass is based on the outside diameter, but the axial added mass only uses the cross-sectional area of the TUBE material.

TUBE elements have an axial drag coefficient of 0.016 that cannot be changed.