3.1. Understanding Bilinear Isotropic Hardening

Bilinear isotropic hardening is described by a bilinear effective-stress versus effective-strain curve. The initial slope of the curve is the elastic modulus of the material. Beyond the user-specified initial yield stress , plastic strain develops and stress-vs.-total-strain continues along a line with slope defined by the user-specified tangent modulus . The tangent modulus cannot be less than zero or greater than the elastic modulus.