Chapter 9: Moorings and Fenders

Mooring systems, fenders, drum winches, and pulleys are widely applied in marine and harbor engineering operations. Aqwa provides a comprehensive set of mooring or hawser configurations to numerically simulate these marine structure auxiliaries. The types of mooring lines available include both linear and nonlinear cables. These can be summarized as follows:

  • Linear Cables:

    • Linear elastic cable

    • Winch cable

    • Constant force cable

    • Pulley

    • Drum winch cable

  • Nonlinear Cables:

    • Steel wire cable

    • Nonlinear cable (described by a polynomial of up to fifth order or 2-D load extension database)

    • Quasi-static composite catenary cable (with intermediate buoys and clump weights)

    • Dynamic composite catenary cable (with bending stiffness, intermediate buoys, and clump weights)

  • Nonlinear Fenders:

    • Fixed and floating fenders (with nonlinear stiffness properties)

In Aqwa frequency domain analysis and equilibrium prediction, one or more mooring lines may be set to be broken under any specified environment configuration. In Aqwa time domain analysis, the user may further set the time at which the mooring line breaks, and/or provide the breaking tensions at mooring attachment points.