Lumped Analysis

For applications such as IC packages with moderate signal speeds, it may be sufficient to characterize an entire conductor using only one section. This approximate model is referred to as a "lumped" model because all the distributed circuit elements have been collapsed into a single element. In this case, single-element lumped models may be constructed to model the time delay from one end of the conductor to the other. If crosstalk is considered, then a multiple conductor lumped model can be generated, which includes the inductive and capacitive couplings among the different conductors.