Hysteresis Loop

The permanent-magnetic material belongs to hard-magnetic material. It is characterized with "fat" hysteresis loop, which encloses large area as shown in the figure. When magnetized, it keeps high magnetic property with the external magnetic field removed, therefore is used in the permanent-magnet electric machine to produce magnetic field. The characteristics of the permanent-magnetic material are represented with its main parameters: residual flux density B_r, coercive field force H_c and maximum magnetic energy product (BH)_max.

For materials with nonlinear B-H curve, the hysteresis core loss can be modeled by a hysteresis loop. In Maxwell, the hysteresis loop can be created from a normal B-H curve (starts at (0,0)) and hysteresis parameters (H_ci, B_r).